考博英语写作必背句型与几种修辞手法

嘎嘣脆

考博英语写作必背句型与几种修辞手法


    一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
    ~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

    例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

    海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

    Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

    张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

    二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V

    Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V

    例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.

    没有比接受教育更重要的事。

    三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）

    例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

    我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

    四、There is no denying that + S + V .. （不可否认的...）

    例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

    不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

    五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）

    例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

    全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

    六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫无疑问的...）

    例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

    毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

    七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的优点是...）

    例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.

    使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

    八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...）

    例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

    The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

    我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

    九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此...以致于...）

    例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.

    时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

    十、Adj. + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然...）

    例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

    {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}

    虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

    十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

    The + more + Adj. + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj. + S + V ~~~（愈...愈...）

    例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.

    你愈努力，你愈进步。

    The more books we read, the more learned we become.

    我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

    十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ （借着.. ，..能够..）

    例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

    借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

    十三、~~~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （..使..能够..）

    例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.

    听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

    十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ （我们绝对不能...）

    例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

    我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

    十五、It is time + S + 过去式 （该是...的时候了）

    例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

    该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

    十六、Those who ~~~ （...的人...）

    例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

    违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

    十七、There is no one but ~~~ （没有人不...）

    例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.

    没有人不渴望上大学。

    十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不...）

    例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.

    既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

    十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的）

    It is obvious that + 句子 （明显的）

    It is apparent that + 句子 （显然的）

    例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

    可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

    二十、That is the reason why ~~~ （那就是...的原因）

    例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it.

    夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

    二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式.. （过去...年来，...一直...）

    例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.

    过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

    二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。

    例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

    自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

    二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。）

    例句：It pays to help others.

    帮助别人是值得的。

    二十四、be based on （以...为基础）

    例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.

    社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

    二十五、Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）

    We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

    我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

    二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 （让...明白...事）

    例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.

    我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

    二十七、be closely related to ~~ （与...息息相关）

    例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.

    做运动与健康息息相关。

    二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving

    = make it a rule to + V （养成...的习惯）

    We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

    我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

    二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ （因为...）

    例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

    因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。

    三十、What a + Adj. + N + S + V! = How + Adj. + a + N + V! （多么...！）

    例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

    How important a thing it is to keep our promise!

    遵守诺言是多么重要的事！

    三十一、Leave much to be desired （令人不满意）

    例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

    我们的交通状况令人不满意。

    三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ （对...有很大的影响）

    例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.

    抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

    三十三、do good to （对...有益），do harm to （对...有害）

    例句：Reading does good to our mind.

    读书对心灵有益。

    Overwork does harm to health.

    工作过度对健康有害。

    三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ （对...造成一大威胁）

    例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

    污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

    三十五、do one's utmost to + V = do one's best （尽全力去...）

    例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.

    我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

    考博英语写作的几种修辞手法

    一、比喻(the figures of speech)

    比喻是语言艺术的升华。英语中常见的比喻方法有三种：明喻、隐喻和借喻。

    1.明喻(the simile)

    格式：本体 + 显著比喻词(like/as/as if---) + 喻体

    常用介词like 、连词as，as if，as---so、动词seem等以及句型A---to B as C---to D等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。

    例如：

    （1）Teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, and more brillant. 老师，您像太阳，又比太阳更灿烂更辉煌。

    （2）Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as noble as pine trees! All praise to you, our beloved teacher. 您的心灵像雪一样纯净，您的人格像青松一般高洁！赞美您，敬爱的老师。

    英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外，还有许多常用的明喻习语。例如：

    (1)as clear as crystal清如水晶

    (2)as weak as water软弱无力

    这类利用类似汉语的押韵和叠声增加语言的美感。与此同时，又可以使语言短小精悍，表达生动、形象。

    2.隐喻(the metaphor)

    格是：本体 + is/are + 喻体

    例如：

    （1）Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh my friend, what I scoop up from the river is all yearning of you. 时间是河、记忆如水，朋友，我从河里捧起来的都是对你的思念。

    （2）Time is money. 时间就是金钱。

    注意：英语中存在着许多数词习语和俚语，用作隐喻（也有个别用作明喻）。例如 ：

    (1)You are one in a million.你真是人见人爱。

    (2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。

    （3）This film star is a nine days' wonder; I doubt whether anyone will remember her in a year's time.这位电影明星现在红极一时（也指昙花一现），但我认为一年以后人们不见得还记得她。

    注意：英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如：

    （1）to teach fish to swim 班门弄斧

    （2）to plough the sand 白费力气

    （3）up the tree骑虎难下；lame duck强弩之末；above board光明正大

    3.借喻(the metonymy)

    格式：直接用比喻事物代替本体事物

    例如：

    (1)The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工（这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。

    (2)The pen is mightier than the sword.文人胜于武士（以pen，sword喻指使用这物的人）。

    英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字，除本义外，常可转借喻人，形象生动，意味隽永。例如：

    (1)She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花（以虫喻人）。

    二、借代(the synecdoche)

    借用一个名称来代替另一事物。替代的方式可以是人、物互代，部分和全体互代，单数代复数，描象代替具体或具体代替抽象等等。例如：

    (1)Uncle Sam will not help us.美国人不会帮助我们。（用Uncle Sam代替船美国人本身）

    (2)You can depend on him for help whenever you're in tourble. He's a true blue.你遇到麻烦时尽管去找他帮忙，他是一个靠得住的忠实朋友。（用true blue代替真金烈火，忠诚可靠的---）

    使用借代修辞方式要选用最突出最明显的事物特征来代替事物名称。借代运用得好，能使语言表达简洁明 快、具体、形象，以避免重复、累赘，并给人以新鲜感。

    三、夸张(the exaggeration)

    把事物的特征，有意地加以夸大或缩小，就叫夸张。

    例如：

    (1)Thank you a thousand.千恩万谢。

    英语中夸张修辞格，应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征，因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发 。

    四、拟人(the personifjcation)

    就是把无生命的事物人格化。

    例如：

    (1)Books are a guide in youth and an entertainment for age. They support us under solitude, and keep us from being a burden to ourselves.书籍是青年人的指南、老年人的娱乐。孤寂时，书籍给我们力量，使我们摆脱精神负担。

    （2）Love is the master key that opens the gates of happiness.爱是开启幸福之门的万能钥匙。

    拟人用法在英语写作中运用得好，不仅使语言表达得生动、有力，而且给人以亲切、实在、耳目一新的感受。

    五、排比

    把结构相同或相似、语气一致、意思密切相关联的句子或句子成分排列起来，使句式得到增强，感情得到加深，这种修辞叫排比。

    例如：

    （1）You are overwhelming jade, as white as snow, as smooth and moist as grease, as brilliant as candles, and as firm as rock.你洁白如雪，润泽如脂，你光辉如烛，坚贞如磐，你是令人倾心的美玉。

    （2）You are in my mind and in my heart. You are in the very air I breathe. You are part of me. Forever.你占据了我整个思绪和心灵；你在我呼吸的空气里；你永远是我的一部分。

    此外，在英语的具体写作过程当中，我们可以运用恰当的抒情手法来进行写作，达到以情动人的效果。下面就以2005年6月份四级考试作文为例，进行写作。

    提纲要求：

    In honor of teachers on the occasion of Teacher’s Day

    向老师致以节日祝贺

    从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献

    我如何回报老师的关爱

    范文：

    Dear Miss Zhang,

    I’m not the best student of yours, but you’re the most respected teacher of mine. On this special occasion for you, what I can dedicate is my highest consideration and earnest blessings. May you be happy; may all of your life be full of happiness, joy as well as sweetness.

    I still remembered clearly that the day I was crying with a heavy heart because I failed to pass the examination. I didn’t know what to do and where to go, just like a bird lost its way. Teacher, it was you who lighted the beacon of hope in my heart in the dark night. Your warm words, affectionate eyes, which dispelled the cold winter from my heart and kindled the flame of hope as well. And I still remembered that the platform, the desks, the springs and autumns, all witness the flower petals of your heart. The buds, the seedlings, the spring flowers and fall fruits, all owe to your sincere devotion.

    In my view, all I want to do is to make the best of every day, and come a little closer to what I dream of. Furthermore, I must not relax my efforts to be the best I can be and do the best I can do.

    Best wishes,

    Andy.