考博英语阅读理解专项练习及解题指导02

嘎嘣脆

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith．(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.)Foreign made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.

How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self doubt has yielded to blind pride．"American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quickwitted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government．"It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States."

1．The U. S．achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱ because ______．

[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

[B ]its domestic market was eight times larger than before

[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential

competitors

[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy

2．The loss of U. S．predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ______.

[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises

[C]machinetool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

[D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

3．What can be inferred from the passage?

[A]It is human nature to shift between self doubt and blind pr

[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.

[C]The revival of the economy depends on international

cooperation.

[D]A long history of success may pave the way for further development.

4．The author seems to believe the revival of the U. S．economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ______．

[A]turning of the business cycle

[B]restructuring of industry

[C]improved business management

[D]success in education

定位原则

1、信号词定位 2、自然段顺序原则 3、长难句定位原则

细节题解题原则

将选项逐一与原文核对，不要凭印象做题