在政界崛起的MBA

飞雪寒冰

What do William Hague, Hank Paulson and P. Chidambaram have in common?
威廉•黑格(William Hague)、汉克•保尔森(Hank Paulson)和帕拉尼亚潘•奇丹巴拉姆(Palaniappan Chidambaram)有什么共同之处？

Answer: they are all MBA graduates who have reached high public office (respectively British foreign secretary, formerUS treasury secretary and Indian home affairs minister).
答：他们全都是在政府部门担任高官的MBA毕业生——分别是英国外交部长、美国前财长和印度内政部长。

飞雪寒冰

There are plenty of management graduates in politics these days.
如今有许多管理专业毕业生从政。

In Europe, the current Dutch finance minister, Jan Kees de Jager, is an MBA from Nyenrode (which also produced former prime minister Wim Kok). Jean-Louis Borloo, French minister for ecology and energy until last November and higher education minister Valérie Pécresse are graduates of HEC Paris. In the UK William Hague has an MBA from Insead and Cabinet office minister Oliver Letwin and former shadow home secretary David Davis both studied at London Business School. Harriett Baldwin, Tory MP for West Worcestershire, holds an MBA from McGill, in Canada.
在欧洲，现任荷兰财长扬•谢斯•德亚赫(Jan Kees de Jager)是奈耶诺德大学(Nyenrode)的MBA毕业生——前首相维姆•科克(Wim Kok)也毕业于该校。任法国生态能源部部长至去年11月的让-路易斯•博罗(Jean-Louis Borloo)和现任高等教育部部长瓦莱丽•佩克雷斯(Valérie Pécresse)毕业于巴黎高等商学院(HEC Paris)。在英国，威廉•黑格拥有欧洲工商管理学院(Insead)MBA证书，内阁办公室部长奥利弗•莱特文(Oliver Letwin)和前影子内阁内政大臣戴维•戴维斯(David Davis)都曾在伦敦商学院(London Business School)攻读MBA。西伍斯特郡(West Worcestershire)保守派议员哈丽雅特•鲍德温(Harriett Baldwin)持有加拿大麦吉尔大学(McGill)的MBA学位。

飞雪寒冰

There are plenty of management graduates in politics these days.
如今有许多管理专业毕业生从政。

In Europe, the current Dutch finance minister, Jan Kees de Jager, is an MBA from Nyenrode (which also produced former prime minister Wim Kok). Jean-Louis Borloo, French minister for ecology and energy until last November and higher education minister Valérie Pécresse are graduates of HEC Paris. In the UK William Hague has an MBA from Insead and Cabinet office minister Oliver Letwin and former shadow home secretary David Davis both studied at London Business School. Harriett Baldwin, Tory MP for West Worcestershire, holds an MBA from McGill, in Canada.
在欧洲，现任荷兰财长扬•谢斯•德亚赫(Jan Kees de Jager)是奈耶诺德大学(Nyenrode)的MBA毕业生——前首相维姆•科克(Wim Kok)也毕业于该校。任法国生态能源部部长至去年11月的让-路易斯•博罗(Jean-Louis Borloo)和现任高等教育部部长瓦莱丽•佩克雷斯(Valérie Pécresse)毕业于巴黎高等商学院(HEC Paris)。在英国，威廉•黑格拥有欧洲工商管理学院(Insead)MBA证书，内阁办公室部长奥利弗•莱特文(Oliver Letwin)和前影子内阁内政大臣戴维•戴维斯(David Davis)都曾在伦敦商学院(London Business School)攻读MBA。西伍斯特郡(West Worcestershire)保守派议员哈丽雅特•鲍德温(Harriett Baldwin)持有加拿大麦吉尔大学(McGill)的MBA学位。

飞雪寒冰

The US has also seen several MBA politicians in recent years, including Mr Paulson, (Harvard Business School) former president George W Bush, (HBS) and former secretary of commerce Donald Evans, who has an MBA from McCombs.
最近几年美国也出现了数位MBA政治家，包括获得哈佛商学院(Harvard Business School)MBA学位的保尔森和前总统乔治•W•布什(George W. Bush)，以及获得麦克布斯商学院(McCombs)MBA学位的前商务部部长唐纳德•埃文斯(Donald Evans)。

Elsewhere, others include the deputy prime minister of Singapore, Wong Kan Seng, (LBS) and the vice-president of Indonesia, Jusuf Kalla, (Insead).
其它国家的MBA政治家包括新加坡副总理黄根成（伦敦商学院）和印尼副总统尤素夫•卡拉(Jusuf Kalla)（欧洲工商管理学院）。

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There are several competing explanations for the prominence of such politicians: from the need for greater professionalism in government, to the simple fact there are more business school graduates in circulation these days.
对于此类政治家的显露头角有几个彼此矛盾的解释：从政府需要更专业的人才，到仅仅是因为如今商学院毕业生增多。

Not surprisingly, however, opinion is divided about their effectiveness in office. Depending on the point of view, MBA politicians either offer technocratic common sense, or are symptomatic of a creeping managerialism.
然而，并不令人意外的是，人们对于他们在政界的作用看法不一。有人认为，MBA政治家可以提供技术专家常识，也有人认为，MBA政治家表现出一种渐进式的管理主义。

飞雪寒冰

Rajeev Gowda, chair of the Centre for Public Policy at IIM-Bangalore, is in no doubt. He says India needs the skills and perspectives MBAs can offer. “As democracies mature, you need different types of people. You go from wanting people who can lead political agitations and write constitutions, to people who can manage a budget and improve the efficiency of programmes. That’s where an MBA training comes in useful.”
印度管理学院班加罗尔分校(IIM-Bangalore)公共政策中心(Centre for Public Policy)主任拉杰夫•高达(Rajeev Gowda)对MBA政治家的作用深信不疑。他表示，印度需要MBA能带来的技术和视角。“随着民主政体走向成熟，你需要不同类型的官员。你从想要可以引领政治风潮和起草宪法的官员，变成想要可以管理预算并改善项目效果的官员，MBA培训的用处就在于此。”

India’s raft of MBA politicians include Mr Chidambaram (HBS), the minister of social justice Mukul Wasnik (Nagpur), defence minister Mallipudi Raju Pallam Mangapati (Temple University, Philadelphia), commerce and industry minister Jyotiraditya Scindia (Stanford) and energy minister Jitin Prasada (IMI, Delhi). Sachin Pilot, a 31-year-old minister for communications and technology, studied for an MBA at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
印度拥有大量MBA政治家，包括奇丹巴拉姆（哈佛商学院）、社会公正部部长穆库尔•瓦斯尼克(Mukul Wasnik)（那格浦尔商学院(Nagpur)）、国防部长马利普迪•拉朱•帕拉姆•曼加帕蒂(Mallipudi Raju Pallam Mangapati)（费城坦普尔大学(Temple University)）、商工部长乔蒂莫迪亚•辛迪亚(Jyotiraditya Scindia)（斯坦福商学院）和能源部长吉廷•普拉萨达(Jitin Prasada)（印度管理学院，德里）。31岁的通讯和信息技术部长萨钦•皮洛特(Sachin Pilot)也曾在宾夕法尼亚大学(University of Pennsylvania)沃顿商学院(Wharton School)攻读MBA学位。

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Prof Gowda says Mr Prasada, Mr Scindia and Mr Pilot, represent a new guard in public life. “They are less ideological than previous leaders – the ideology today is growth and economic success. The question is how you move from a big government to a government that facilitates, where it is private enterprise that makes the big difference.”
高达表示，普拉萨达、辛迪亚和皮洛特代表着公共生活的新卫士。“他们不像以前的领导人那样注重意识形态——如今的意识形态是增长和经济成功。问题在于，你如何从一个大政府转向一个提供便利的政府——私人企业在其中发挥着重大影响。”

Prof Gowda, a Wharton MBA politician, argues that modern governments need officials who are comfortable interacting with the business community – both to spur economic growth and to deliver social services that the government cannot provide on its own.
沃顿商学院的MBA政治家高达辩称，现代政府需要可以轻松与商界交往的官员，既刺激经济增长，也提供政府自己无法提供的社会服务。

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This is a theme echoed elsewhere by Kakha Shengelia, president of Caucasus University, Georgia, where several management graduates are in government. Vladimer Gurgenidze, former prime minister of Georgia for example, has an MBA from Gouizueta Business School, Emory University.
这种说法得到了格鲁吉亚高加索大学(Caucasus University)校长卡哈•申格利亚(Kakha Shengelia)的响应。格鲁吉亚有多名管理专业毕业生在政府工作。例如，格鲁吉亚前总理弗拉基米尔•古尔格尼泽(Vladimer Gurgenidze)拥有埃默瑞大学戈伊祖塔学院(Goizueta Business School，Emory University)的MBA证书。

“In the old days, we were a Soviet Republic and there was no business education. It was all sciences and mathematics. Now, if you want to be president you need some business education.”
“过去，我们属于苏联共和国，没有任何商业教育。教育全都是关于科学和数学的。如今，如果你想成为总统，你就需要一些商业教育。”

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Mr Shengelia, a former deputy mayor of Tbilisi and an MBA from Hartford, credits business school-trained politicians for recent improvements in Georgia’s “business environment”, and in its railway services, for example.
曾任第比利斯副市长的哈特福德商学院(Hartford)MBA毕业生申格利亚，把最近格鲁吉亚“商业环境”的改善——例如铁路服务——归功于接受过商学院培训的政治家。

Similarly, last year the Economist praised Mr Hague for bringing an “MBA’s wariness of passions and worldviews” to the Foreign Office, claiming he had imported a calm professionalism.
同样，《经济学人》(Economist)去年称赞黑格为外交部带去了“MBA的谨慎热情和全球视野”，声称他引入了一种温和的专业气质。

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Not everyone is convinced that management graduates are as effective as advertised, however.
然而，并非所有人都相信，管理专业毕业生就像宣传的那样有效。

James Pfiffner, a professor of public policy at George Mason University, who studied George Bush’s performance as the US’s “First MBA President”, says the public tends to over-estimate the abilities of the private sector.
美国乔治梅森大学(George Mason University)公共政策教授詹姆斯•菲夫纳(James Pfiffner)表示，公众往往对私人部门的能力估计过高。菲夫纳对乔治•布什这位美国“首位MBA总统”的表现进行了研究。