考试常用与开头的短语、句式！

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<P>1、 常用与开头的短语、句式</P>
<P>（1） with the （rapidly）growing popularity of （computers/private cars） in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。</P>
<P>（2） With the （rapid）growth of （our economy/population），many problems such as （water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management）are beginng to surface</P>
<P>（3） With the development of （science and technology/market economy），more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …</P>
<P>（4） Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).</P>
<P>（5） Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China .some people believe that …,whereas others argue that…</P>
<P>（6） There are some reasons for owning (private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are,on the oher hand,many reasons against it,First,…Second,…Finally,…</P>
<P>（7） There are many advantanges and disadvantages in(owning a car).</P>
<P>（8） There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something</P>
<P>（9） Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…</P>
<P>（10） The possible solutions of (the enery crisis/water shortanges/these social problems)depend on three factors…</P>
<P>（11） The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products )are…</P>
<P>2．常用于结尾的短语、句式</P>
<P>（1） It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to 。。。</P>
<P>（2） To conclude，we can see that （the best way/the possible solution）is。。。</P>
<P>（3） In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution）are the major problems to be solved to（increase rain production）。</P>
<P>（4） In order to make our world a better palce in which to live we should make great efforts to。。。</P>
<P>（5） In a word ，there are three suggestions we must follow ，only in this way can we（achieve a great success）。</P>
<P>（6） It is time for us to take an actie part in。。。</P>
<P>（7） Let us work hand in hand in hand to（solve these social problems）</P>
<P>3．陈述或论证观点、看法（view，point，opinion）、原因（reason、cause）、方法、手段、措施、步骤。。。。。。（method，means，measures，step。。。）、因素（factor）、利弊、优缺点（advantage，disadvantage）时常用的词语、句式：</P>
<P>（1）引述段落提出问题时常用的句式、词语：</P>
<P>。。。。的原因有许多。There are many reasons why。。。</P>
<P>。。。。的原因如下；The reasons why 。。。are as follows</P>
<P>我的看法是。。。。My opinon is that</P>
<P>（2）展开段落论证时常用的句式、词语：</P>
<P>①、第一层次（首先）First，Firstly，In the first place，First of all ，To begin with，For one thing。</P>
<P>我的第一理由是。。。My first reason is that。。。</P>
<P>主要因素是。。。。The main factor is that 。。。</P>
<P>②第二层次（其次）Second ，Secondly，In the Second plce，Next，Then，For another，</P>
<P>另一种方法是。。。Another means of 。。。is to do。。</P>
<P>第二种解决方法是。。。the second solution is that。。。</P>
<P>③第三层次（第三点）Third，athirdly，besides，in adition，furthermore，what is more important</P>
<P>（3）总结性段落常用句式、词语：</P>
<P>最后一点 last，lastly，finally，in the last place ，last of all，in short，in brief</P>
<P>简言之 in a word ，in summary，tosum up</P>
<P>总之， in conclusion，on the whole，altogether，in all</P>
<P>因此， so，thus，hence，therefor。Consequently，for thee reasons</P>
<P>结果， in consequence，as a result</P>
<P>由此可见。。。 it will be seen from it that</P>
<P>如上所述，我们可以得出结论。。。as has been said above，we can conclude/make a conclusion/draw a conclusion/reach a conclusion come to aconclusion that。。。</P>
<P>（4）将事物的正反、好坏两方面，或者将两种不同事物进行比较，对比时常用的句式、短语：</P>
<P>然而 while ，whereas，but，however，nevertheless</P>
<P>尽管如此 in spite of that，despite all this</P>
<P>但在另一方面 but on the other hand</P>
<P>与。。。相比 in/by in comparison with。。。/as compare with。。。</P>
<P>对比之下 by/in contrast</P>
<P>与。。。相反 as opposed to。。。/instead of。。。</P>
<P>相反 on the contrary，instead</P>
<P>他们的区别如下 The differences sre as follows；the differences can be described as follows</P>
<P>A与B之间的不同在于。。。。the differences between A and B is /lies in/exests in/consists in。。。；A is different from B in。。。 </P>