[转帖]2005年考研英语英汉翻译仿真试题(1)(2)

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<P>仿真试题1及其答案  </P>
<P>　　Directions:  </P>
<P>　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.（10points）  </P>
<P>　　Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment.Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea.（61）At present it is generally accepted，although more as a self_evident statement than on the basis of a closely_reasoned scientific proof.The recognition of the importance of green space in the urban environment is a first step on the right way.（62）This does not mean，however，that sufficient details are known about the functions of green space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces.As to this rather complex subject I shall，within the scope of this lecture，enter into one aspect only，namely the recreative function of green space facilities.  </P>
<P>　　（63）The theoretical separation of living，working，traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town_and_country planning，has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home，whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home.（64）We have come to the conclusion that this is not right，because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working，is used for activities at and around home.So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house.  </P>
<P>　　（65）The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible，and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district，if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets，because the risks of traffic are too great，if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather，in short，if you only feel yourself at home after the street_door of your house is closed after you.  </P>
<P>　　答案  </P>
<P>　　文章大意: 本文论述了绿色空间设施的建立在很大程度上有助于提高城市环境的质量，对其重要性的认识只是朝着正确方向迈出的第一步。绿色空间设施的一个重要职能是休闲娱乐功能。作者认为，多年来在城市和国家的规划中，不适度地注重离家远的地方的娱乐方式，而相对而言，较少地注意改进在离家最近的地带可能进行的娱乐是不对的。户外娱乐应始于家门口。都市环境应该提供尽可能多的娱乐活动，这种设计中，在它更加必不可少的活动里也应有娱乐的一面。  </P>
<P>　　（61）结构分析: 句子框架是it is generally accepted，although…。主句中代词it代指前句内容it is no longer necessary that…this idea（有关这一主题的所有演讲或书籍不必用支持这一观念的证据开头了）。although引导让步状语从句，省略了主语和谓语，补充完整为although it is generally accepted more as a self_evident statement than on the basis of a closely reasoned scientific proof。more…than…结构意为“不是…，而是…;与其说…，倒不如说…”。  </P>
<P>　　参考译文: 这在目前是得到公认的，尽管是个人见证的论述，而较少有严谨的科学推理作为证据的基础。  </P>
<P>　　（62）结构分析: 句子框架是This does not mean…that…。that引导的宾语从句作mean的宾语。从句中的被动结构be known译成主动句，加译泛指性的主语“我们”。句尾的介词短语about the way中又套嵌一个介词in加关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰the way。  </P>
<P>　　参考译文: 然而，这并不意味着，我们对于有关城镇中绿色空间的作用以及居民使用这些空间的方法了解到了足够的资料。  </P>
<P>　　（63）结构分析: 句子框架是The theoretical separation…has…resulted…，whereas there was…attention…。whereas连接两个并列句。前一个并列分句中又套嵌一个which引导的定语从句;far from home为形容词短语作后置定语修饰forms of recreation，相当于forms of recreation that are far from home;后一个并列分句为there be句型。disproportionate译为“不相称的，不适度的”;recreative possibilities译成“可能进行的娱乐”。  </P>
<P>　　参考译文: 许多年来，日常生活、工作、交通以及娱乐这一理论上的划分被用在城市和国家的规划中，在我看来，其结果是不适度地注重离家远的地方的娱乐方式，而相对而言，较少地注意改进在离家最近的地带可能进行的娱乐。  </P>
<P>　　（64）结构分析: 句子框架是We have come to the conclusion…，because…。because引导原因状语从句修饰主句。主句中又有that引导的同位语从句作conclusion的同位语。because引导的原因状语从句中又套嵌一个which引导的定语从句修饰the time。  </P>
<P>　　参考译文: 我们已经得出结论，这样做是不对的，因为我们除了睡觉和工作中度过的时间以外，重要的一部分是用来在家里或者家的周围进行活动。  </P>
<P>　　（65）结构分析: 句子框架是The urban environment has to offer…，and the design…has to be…。and引导两个并列句。and后的并列分句中such that…结构译为“如此以致…”;the design of these中these指代前面分句的The urban environment;obligatory意为“必须的，强制性的”。  </P>
<P>　　参考译文: 都市环境应该提供尽可能多的娱乐活动，这种设计中，在它更加必不可少的活动里也应有娱乐的一面。 </P>

<P>2.1991年英译汉试题及参考译文  </P>
<P>　　The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time.Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base.（71）The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.  </P>
<P>　　（72）New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past.For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all.  </P>
<P>　　To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world’s population is in sight.Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twentyfirst century opens.  </P>
<P>　　（73）The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.  </P>
<P>　　Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001?  </P>
<P>    To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths.（74）This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the highenergy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.  </P>
<P>　　It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great foodexporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belttightening at home.  <BR>　　In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be incresing use of flavouring additives.（75）Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all，people will have to accept more“unnatural food”.  </P>
<P>　　1991年英译汉试题参考译文  </P>
<P>　　事实是，虽然官方是突然宣布能源危机的存在，然而长期以来我们一直面临着能源危机，而且这种情况今后将会持续更长的时间。不管阿拉伯的石油能否源源不断地外流，人人都清楚，再也不能让世界工业依赖于如此脆弱的能源基础。（71）石油供应可能随时会被切断;不管怎样，以目前这种消费速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都会枯竭。  </P>
<P>　　（72）必须找到新的能源，这需要时间;而过去我们感觉到的那种能源廉价而充足的情况将不大可能再出现了。在今后的漫长的时间内，人类将谨慎前进，而它感到幸运的是它确实能够前进。  </P>
<P>　　使目前状况糟糕的是，至今尚无迹象表明，世界人口的增长在近期内会减慢。虽然包括美国在内的一些国家的出生率已经下降，但是在21世纪初世界人口似乎肯定会超过60亿，或许甚至超过70亿。  </P>
<P>　　（73）食品供应的增加将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面已陷入危机。  </P>
<P>　　考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以适当地估计一下2001年的超级市场将会是什么样子呢?首先，今后的30年内，世界的食品供应日益紧张，甚至美国这里也不例外。到2001年美国人口将至少达到2亿5千万，也可能是2亿7千万。那时，美国将很难扩大食品生产来满足人口增长的需要。（74）这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能消费这种美国耕作方式继续下去了，而这种耕作方式可以投入少数农民就获得高产。  </P>
<P>　　几乎可以肯定，到2001年美国将再也不是一个食品输出国;如果必须出口的话，那么其代价就是美国国内人民将勒紧裤带。  </P>
<P>　　实际上，由于各种食品往往会质量下降、品种减少，这就有可能更多地使用调味添加物。（75）除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度，使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。</P></DIV>