2003年北京师范大学/北师大考博英语试题答案

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2003年北京师范大学/北师大考博英语试题参考答案

Part One  Listening Comprehension (略)
Part Two  Reading Comprehension
Passage One 21-25 CBBBA
Passage Two 26-30 BADBC
Passage Three 31-35 AADCA
Passage Four 36-40 DCCBD
Passage Five 41-45 CDBCD
Part Three  Translation and Writing
Part A Translation
Section A
1.  文化是人类知识、信仰和举止行为的综合形式的显现。因此文化被定义为包含有语言、观点、信仰、风俗，禁忌、规矩、制度、工具、技艺、工作艺术、礼节、典礼等组成部分；同时文化的发展还取决于人类学习知识的能力以及如何运用这种能力带来完善并超越世代的发展。
每个人类社会都有它各自特定的文化，或者是说社会文化系统，并且都在一定程度上与其它系统相互交融。社会文化系统的多样性可以归因于其自然环境及来源的差异，归因于不同地区活动中与生俱来所沿袭的事物可能性，例如语言、礼节、风俗、工具的生产、运用、社会发展的程度等等。基于生态、环境等方式的变化，适应和变革也随之在文化中产生。

2.  数据库：通过计算机来将各类数据经过特别的组织，整理以便于快速的搜寻及检索。数据库就是通过这种方法来组织和整合的，以此来促进数据的访问、操作和删除（通常是与其他数据处理系统相连的相关数据）。
数据库中的信息通常包括自然语言文本模式，就当前文字和短语而言，从那些计算机化的记录中被检索出来的信息和用户查询的信息是完全一致的。在一个典型的查询中，用户通常提供字符的顺序，例如一个期刊的标题或是一个地区的名称，然后计算机就从数据库中去搜索相应顺序的字符并且提供上述字符出现过的来源材料。查询是用户检索数据库信息的最主要的一种方式。
Section B
Skyscrapers：superhighway, saloon cars and various home electric appliances that appeared in the market, all of which showed that China has experienced a profound transformation since the Opening & Reform Policy in 1978. All of these changes are even seen within people’s eyes. However, besides the changes in people’s materialistic life, there exists some of the other changes even more important or meaningful.
Sociologists detect that since the living standards of people’s life has improved. The traditional living style and conception has changed gradually. Sociologists have been paying attention to this phenomenon for a certain period. From the evolvement of the family frame to changes of the women’s status, from the changing attitudes towards marriage to the changes of consumption conception, and finally the polarization of personal income ------ all of them become the researching subjects for the sociologists.
Part B Summary Writing
Europe was the first of the major world regions to develop a modern economy. Its successful modernization facilitated the movement of raw materials and finished goods and the communication of ideas.
Concerning the time, it first began in the 17th century. The traditional method of cultivation involved allowing land to remain fallow thus fewer farmlands were needed to work the land and the accumulated capital and labor created by this revolution fueled the development of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century.
Industrialization outside of England began in the mid-19th century in Belgium and spread to some of the other European countries. Although they had recognized the importance of factory production and had taken steps to encourage local development, there still existed large areas untouched by modern in industrial development. During the 20th century Europe has experienced periods of economic growth and prosperity, but continued economic development in Europe has been handicapped to a large degree by its multinational character.