U

Unemployment insurance 失业保险
A government program that partially protects workers incomes when they become unemployed

Unemployment rate 失业率
The percentage of the labor force that is not employed

Union 工会
A worker association that bargains with employers over wages and working conditions

Unit of account 计价单位
The yardstick with which people post prices and record debts

Utilitarianism 功利主义
The political philosophy according to which the government should choose policies to maximize the total utility of everyone in society

Utility 效用
A measure of happiness or satisfaction

union shops 工会化企业
unionized firms in which all workers are required to join the union as a condition of employment

utility possibilities curve效用可能性曲线
a curve showing the maximum level of utility that one individual can attain, given the level of utility attained by others

V

value of the marginal product 边际产量价值
The marginal product of an input times the price of the output

Variable costs 可变成本
Cost that do vary with the quantity of output produced

Velocity of money 货币流通速度
The rate at which money changes hands

Vertical equity 纵向公平
The idea that taxpayers with a greater ability to pay taxes should pay larger amounts

variable inputs 可变投入
inputs that rise or fall with the quantity of output

velocity 流通速度
the speed with which money circulates in the economy, defined as the ratio of income to the money supply

vertical merger 纵向兼并
a merger between two firms, one of which is a supplier or distributor for the other

voluntary unemployment 自愿失业
a situation in which workers voluntarily drop out of the labor force when the wage level falls

voting paradox 投票悖论
the fact that under some circumstances there may be no determinate outcome with majority voting: choice A wins a majority over B, B wins over C, and C wins over A

W

Welfare economics 福利经济学
The study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being

Willingness to pay 支付意愿
The maximum amount that a buyer will pay for a good

World price 世界价格
The price of a good that prevails in the world market for that good

wage discrimination 工资歧视
paying lower wages to women or minorities

wage-productivity curve 工资—生产率曲线
the curve that depicts the relationship between wages and productivity

wholesale price index 批发价格指数
a price index that measures the average level of wholesale prices

work sharing 工作分摊
reducing all employees hours by equal amounts rather than firing some workers

World Trade Organization (WTO) 世界贸易组织
the organization established in 1995, as a result of the Uruguay round of trade negotiations, replacing GATT, designed to remove trade barriers and settle trade disputes

Z

zero elasticity 零弹性
a demand (or supply) curve has zero elasticity if the quantity demanded (or supplied) does not change at all if price changes; the demand (supply) curve is vertical

good。

难度不是一般的小阿

辛苦了

真有一定难度啊！