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第40篇 NERVE BUILDER
In the past, spinal-injury victims lost more than mobility--they lost hope too. Wise Young found a revolutionary way to give back both
Dr. Wise Young has never met the hundreds of thousands of people he has helped in the past 10 years, and most of them have never heard of Wise Young. If they did meet him, however, they'd want to shake his hand--and the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could. All the people Young has helped were victims of spinal injuries, and they owe much of the mobility they have today to his landmark work.
Young, 51, head of the W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J., was born on New Year's Day at the precise midpoint of the 20th century. Back then, the thinking about spinal-cord injury was straightforward: When a cord is damaged, it's damaged. There's nothing that can be done after an injury to restore the function that was so suddenly lost. As a medical student at Stanford University and a neurosurgeon at New York University Medical Center, Young never had much reason to question that received wisdom, but in 1980 he began to have his doubts. Spinal cords, he knew, experience progressive damage after they're injured, including swelling and inflammation, which may worsen the condition of the already damaged tissue. If that secondary insult could be relieved with drugs, might some function be preserved?
Young spent a decade looking into the question, and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study showing that when high doses of a steroid known as methylprednisolone are administered within eight hours of an injury, about 20% of function can be saved. Twenty percent is hardly everything, but it can often be the difference between breathing unassisted or relying on a respirator, walking or spending one's life in a wheelchair. "This discovery led to a revolution in neuroprotective therapy," Young says.
A global revolution, actually. More than 50,000 people around the world suffer spinal injuries each year, and these days, methylprednisolone is the standard treatment in the U.S. and many other countries. But Young is still not satisfied. The drug is an elixir for people who are newly injured, but the relief it offers is only partial, and many spinal-injury victims were hurt before it became available. Young's dream is to help those people too--to restore function already lost--and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones. To ensure that all the neural researchers around the world pull together, he has created the International Neurotrauma Society, founded the Journal of Neural Trauma and established a website (carecure.rutgers.edu) that receives thousands of hits each day.
"The cure for spinal injury is going to be a combination of therapies," Young says. "It's the most collaborative field I know." Perhaps. But increasingly it seems that if the collaborators had a field general, his name would be Wise Young.
注（1）：本文选自Time；8/20/2001, p54；
注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 3；
1. By “the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could”(Line three, Paragraph 1), the author means_______________.
[A] The remarkable thing is actually the simple fact.
[B] Many people could do the remarkable things.
[C] When meeting him, many people could do the simple but remarkable thing.
[D] The remarkable thing lies in the simple fact that so many people could shake hands with him.
2. How did people think of the spinal-cord injury at the middle of 20th century?
[A] pessimistic
[B] optimistic
[C] confused
[D] carefree
3. By saying “Twenty percent is hardly everything”(Line 3, Paragraph 3), the author is talking about_____________.
[A] the drug
[B] the function of the injured body
[C] the function of the drug
[D] the injury
4. Why was Young unsatisfied with his achievement?
[A] The drug cannot help the people who had spinal injury in the past.
[B] His treatment is standard.
[C] The drug only offers help to a small number of people.
[D] The drug only treats some parts of the injury.
5. To which of the following statements is the author likely to agree?
[A] Wise Young does not meet many people.
[B] When Young was young, he did not have much reason to ask questions.
[C] If there needs a head of the spinal-injured field, Young might be the right person.
[D] Young’s dream is only to help the persons who were injured at early times.
答案：D A B A C
篇章剖析
本文采用先总括说明，再具体阐述的方法，介绍了杨咏威在治疗脊柱损伤这一领域的贡献。第一段概括了杨咏威对很多遭受脊柱损伤人的帮助；第二段介绍杨咏威如何是对这一领域产生兴趣的；接着第三段描述了杨已经取得的研究成果；从第四段中，我们知道杨对已有的成果并不满足，呼吁这一领域的研究工作者共同努力，进一步探讨这个问题；第五段总括全文，说明杨是这个领域的带头人。
词汇注释
spinal: [spaInl] adj. 脊柱的，有关脊柱的
straightforward [streit5fC:wEd] adj. 坦率的, 易懂的, 直接了当的
swelling [5sweliN]n. 肿胀，肿大
inflammation [7inflE5meiFEn] n. [医]炎症, 发炎
preserve [pri5zE:v] vt.保护, 保持, 保存
steroid [5stiErCid] n.[生化]类固醇
methylprednisolone [9meWIlpred`nIsElEJn]n. [药]甲强龙,甲基强的松龙, ,6-甲氢化泼尼松
administer [Ed5mInIstE(r)] v. 服用，给予作为治疗或药物使用
neuroscience [7njuErEu5saiEns] n.神经系统科学( 指神经病学、 神经化学等)
respirator [5respEreitE] n.呼吸器
elixir [I5lIksE(r)] n. 仙丹妙药, 长生不老药 (= elixir of life)
prod [prRd] vt., vi.刺，戳, 督促；推动
trauma [5trC:mE] n.[医] 外伤, 损伤
collaborative [kE`lAbEreItIv] adj.合作的, 协作的, 协力完成的
Rutger University 路特格斯大学
W.M. Keck Center 凯克神经科学研究中心
New Brunswick 新布伦瑞克市 （美国大西洋沿岸一城市）
难句突破
1. Young spent a decade looking into the question, and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study showing that when high doses of a steroid known as methylprednisolone are administered within eight hours of an injury, about 20% of function can be saved.(Line 1-3,Paragraph 3)
主体句式：Young spent a deacade...and he co-led a study
结构分析：这是个复杂句，Young spent a decade looking into the question, and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study是两个并列句，showing引导的句子是现在分词, 修饰study，showing引导的宾语从句又是个复合句，“when high…., about 20% of …当大剂量的…，20％的功能会恢复”。Known as methylprednisolone是过去分词短语，作steroid的后置定语。
句子译文：杨咏威花了10年时间钻研这个问题。1990年，他与同仁一起发起了一次具有里程碑意义的调查研究，发现在脊椎受伤8小时内给予高剂量的甲基类固醇，即人们所知的甲强龙，就能够保全伤者20%左右的神经功能，
2. Young's dream is to help those people too--to restore function already lost--and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones.
主体句式：Young’s dream is to help…to restore…and he is studying drugs and growth factors。这依然是个复杂句，Young's dream is to help those people和and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors… 是并列句。 “to restore function already lost” 是help的目的状语，“that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones.”是“growth factors”的 定语从句。
句子译文：杨的梦想就是也要帮助这些人，帮助他们恢复已经失去的功能，为了这个目的，他正在研究药物和能改善损伤神经传导功用，甚至促进新的神经生成的生长要素。
题目分析
1. 答案是D，属推理判断题。文中第一段讲到如果人们能够碰到杨咏威，他们就想和他握手，这么多神经受到损伤的人能够和他握手，事虽简单，却意义非凡。
2. 答案是A，属推理判断题。文中第二段讲到，当时，人们对脊髓损伤的观念是很直接的，认为脊椎一旦受到伤害，身体突然失去的功能一辈子都不可能恢复。由此可见，人们对此很悲观。
3. 答案是B，属推理判断题。 文中第三段讲到，杨发现在脊椎受伤8小时内给予高剂量的甲基类固醇，就能够保全伤者20%左右的神经功能，20％的功用并不能代表一切，但却让许多伤者可以自行呼吸，不必依靠呼吸器；或让伤者保持行走能力，不必终生坐轮椅。所以指的是受损的神经功能。
4.答案是A，属推理判断题。文中第四段讲到，这种药对那些刚受伤的人来说是灵丹妙药，但对以前脊柱受伤的人们却无能为力，所以杨对此并不满意。
5.答案是C，属事实细节题。可在第一，第二，第四，第五段找到相应的句子。
参考译文
过去十年，杨咏威大夫曾帮助过数以万计的人们，但他从来也没有见过这些人，然而，如果他们一旦遇到他，就会和他握手，此中的意义就在于这么一个简单的事实--- 他们能够取和人握手。 杨咏威帮助的人都是损伤脊柱的患者。他们现在能够活动应归功于杨咏威卓越的工作。
杨咏威，51岁，是新泽西布伦瑞克市路特格斯大学凯克神经科学研究中心的主任，他出生在20世纪中期，刚巧就在1950年的大年初一。在当时，对于脊椎神经损伤的观点很直接，脊椎一旦受到伤害，身体突然失去的功能一辈子都不可能恢复。在斯坦福大学读医或在纽约大学医药中心当神经外科医生时，杨咏威从未对这一传统观念提出质疑，但是在1980年他开始对此有了疑虑，他知道脊椎神经在受损后会受到进一步的伤害，包括肿胀和发炎，这样会更加恶化现在的受损组织，如果后期的伤害能用药物缓解的话，肢体的一些功能会不会就保留下来了呢？
杨咏威花了十年的时间研究这个问题，1990年他和别人合作进行了一项意义非凡的研究，这个研究表明，在脊椎受伤8小时内给予大剂量的甲基类固醇，能够保全伤者20%左右的神经功能，虽然20％的功用并不能代表一切，却能让许多伤者可以自行呼吸，不必依靠呼吸器；或让伤者保持行走能力，不必终生坐轮椅。杨咏威说，这一发现在保护神经治疗上引起了一场革命。
事实上，这是一次全球性的革命。世界上每年有五万多人脊椎神经受损，现在注射甲基类固醇已成为美国和其他国家最标准的治疗方法。但杨咏威对此并不满足，因为这种药物对刚受伤的人来说，是一种灵丹妙药，但是它提供的治疗很有局限。很多人在药物发明之前就已经脊柱受损了，杨咏威的愿望就是也要帮助这些人，帮他们恢复已经失去的功能。为了这一目的，他正在研究一些药物和可以提高受损神经活力、甚至能够促进新神经生成的因素，为确保全世界神经研究工作者能同心协力，他建立了国际神经损伤协会，创办了《神经损伤》杂志（carecure.Rutgers.edu）网站，这个网站日点击率数以万计。
杨咏威说，治愈脊柱损伤将是各种疗法的互相协作，这是我所知道的最需要合作的领域，但人们好像已逐步明白，如果这些研究者们需要一个学术带头人的话，那么他一定是杨咏威。 |
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