新中国外交史讲义

余岚0528

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）中苏论战持续到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1963</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年初。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">6 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日，**中央决定派代表团前往苏联，并于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">9</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日通知苏联。双方最后商定，会谈于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">5 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日开始。中苏两党会谈在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日开始。他们除了继续争论外，不可能取得任何成果。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">14</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日，苏共中央公布了《给苏共各级党组织和全体共产党员的公开信》，在苏联全国范围内传达，逐条批驳了**提出的建议。这封公开信，就苏联方面而言，在论战中同样起到了总纲领的作用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日，中苏发表公报，宣布会谈失败。破裂的重要背景是苏联在中苏会谈的同时，邀请美国和英国的代表到莫斯科，谈判签署核禁试条约。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">25</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日，苏联在未通知中国的情况下，与美国和英国共同签署了部分禁止核试验的条约。中国领导人猛烈地抨击苏联苏联企图与美国共同</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">统治世界，要全世界都听他们的命令</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1963</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">9</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1964</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">14</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日，中国***连续发表了总称为《关于国际共产主义运动的总路线的论战》的九篇文章（通常简称为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">九评</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">），全面抨击苏共的对内对外政策。与此同时，苏联方面也发表了一系列论战文章，这样，中苏两党之间的论战达到高潮。毛**自始至终领导着中苏论战，他在中苏论战中提出的一些观点，成为后来他发动文化大革命的指导思想，对中国历史产生了重大的消极影响。</span>

余岚0528

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">、中美大使级会谈。（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">分钟）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <br />1955</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">23</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">日，周恩来在亚非会议上声明：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">中国人民同美国人民是友好的。中国人民不要同美国打仗。中国政府愿意同美国政府坐下来谈判，讨论和缓远东紧张局势的问题，特别是和缓台湾地区紧张局势的问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">” </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">中国领导人的声明是中国对外政策调整的必然结果，它表明中国希望在缓和周边形势的同时，也采取措施缓和中美之间的紧张关系。中国表明缓和意愿的声明引起美国政府的注意，杜勒斯于三天后（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">26</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">日）表示，美国不排除同中国进行双边谈判的可能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> 7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">月中旬，经英方斡旋，中美双方确定将原在日内瓦举行的领事级会谈升格为大使级会谈。一度极为紧张的中美关系终于有所和缓。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">日，首次中美大使级会谈在日内瓦国联大厦举行。双方就会谈的两项议程达成协议：一是双方平民回国问题：二是双方有所争执的其他实际问题。大使级会分两个阶段：第一阶段从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">日至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">9</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">日。中美大使级会谈首先讨论双方平民回国问题。历时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">40</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">天，会谈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">14</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">次，双方终于达成了遣返平民的协议。第二阶段从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">9</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">14</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">日开始，中方代表建议立即进入第二项议程的讨论，并提出解除禁运和准备高一级会谈两个议题。中方希望通过消除禁运和外长会谈，寻求缓和台湾地区紧张局势，促进两国来往，改善相互关系。中方代表提出两个原则性声明：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">，中国一贯主张和平解决中美之间的争端；其次，中美之间不使用武力，绝不能同中国用和平的或武力的方式解放台湾的内政问题混为一谈；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">，中国政府一再声明愿在可能条件下和平解放台湾，但台湾问题是中国内政问题，决不能成为中美会谈的议题。美方则以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">互不使用武力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">问题未达成协议和美国在华犯人未全部释放等两个理由，拒绝讨论中方建议。尽管中方作出努力，双方始终未能就第二项议程的谈判达成任何协议。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> 1956</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">9</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">月至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">1957</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">12</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">月，中方先后提出过关于促进中美人民来往和文化交流、关于中美两国在平等互惠基础上准许对方新闻记者前来进行新闻采访、关于彼此给予司法协助等协议声明草案，想以此推动会议前进。对中方这些积极的提案，美方一直拒绝讨论。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">1957</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">12</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">12</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">日第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">73</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">次会议上，美方企图单方面降低会谈级别，会谈从僵局发展到中断。两年多的中美大使级会谈表明，美国执意奉行遏制和孤立中国的政策，其中冻结台湾地区现状，制造</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">两个中国</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">，是其重要手段。美国需要的是使两岸分离的状态固定化，甚至永久化，谈判是为了缓和紧张局势，不要因为台海紧张而将美国拖入军事冲突。所以美国可以接一些具体问题，如人员互相准许回国。对于中国来说，当时主要是为了缓和地区紧张局势，会谈虽然没有早台湾问题上取得实质性结果，但对缓和中美间的紧张还是起了一定的作用。</span></p>

宝石蓝

好，谢谢

spiker09

<p>真是太感谢了！</p><p>我正在找这方面的内容呢！</p>

spiker09

<p>那边的同志要25帖以上的会员才可以看他的冬冬！</p><p>郁闷呀！</p>

spiker09

我还是多来顶顶你这位无私的朋友吧！

lmzking

<p>非常之感谢！</p>

clare0724

真的非常感谢，无私的朋友，呵呵