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One Nation, Out of Many
By Samuel P. Huntington
1. America’s core culture
2. Christian Religion
3. Protestant values
4. The American Creed
5. Assimilate into; assimilation同化
6. Naturalization 归化
7. The Bureau of Naturalization
8. Anglo-Protestant culture盎格鲁撒克逊
9. Protestantism新教, 新教徒, 新教教义
10. Catholicism天主教（教义）
11. White Anglo-Saxon Protestants
12. Portuguese
13. Orchestrate策划，精心安排
14. Come into complete harmony with our ideals and aspirations
15. The national consciousness of an American
16. The acquisition of American citizenship, the renunciation of foreign allegiance, and the rejection of dual loyalties and nationalities are key components of this process.
17. Americanization
18. The Progressive Phase进步时期
19. Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson
20. The chamber of commerce 商会
21. Subsidize 津贴，资助subsidy (n.)
22. Inaugurate 开创
23. The YMCA (the Young-Men Christian Association)基督教青年协会
24. Counsel 劝告，忠告
25. In due course 在适当的时候，不久以后
26. Connecticut(美国东北部的康涅狄格州)
27. Vigorously
28. Protestantize
29. Create a unified society out of the multiplying diversity
30. In all likelihood: very probably
31. Americanization made immigration acceptable to Americans.
32. Rally to the collars and marched off to fight their country’s war
33. Subordinate to: 从属于，将要的
34. National loyalty
35. The identification of Americans with their country reached its highest point in history.
36. National identity(国家认同，民族特性) then began to fade.
37. The “zenith（顶点，顶峰）of American national integration
38. Fragmentation ***，破碎
39. Emanate 散发，发出
40. Intensify 加强，强化
41. Fan 煽动
42. Liberal elites 自由主义精英
43. The doctrines of “multiculturalism” and diversity
44. Dual identities, loyalties, and citizenships
45. “Tossed salad”(拌沙拉) of many starkly different ingredients
46. In sharp contrast to
47. Predecessor前辈
48. Nation’s motto 箴言
49. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.
50. Upsurge
51. The Anglocentric culture
52. Cult邪教
53. Deconstruct 解构
54. Deconstructionist 解构主义的
55. Without precedent in history
56. Academia 学术界
57. Portions of our elite and the bulk of our populace（平民）
58. Bureaucrat
59. Racial categorization and preferences
60. Moderate and reverse their views
61. Affirmative action (positive action Br.)平权措施，反歧视行动[(鼓励雇用和录取少数民族、弱势民族、女性等的)防止种族与性别歧视的积极行动]
62. Ballot initiative
63. Referendum 公民投票
64. Referenda (pl.) 普通投票
65. Overwhelmingly
66. Pressure groups 压力集团
67. Constitutional amendment 宪法修正案
68. Governor 州长
69. Attorney general 州首席检察官
70. The secretary of state 州务卿
71. The lieutenant governor 副州长
72. Squeamish 过于拘谨的
73. Boost 推进
74. Material gains
75. Filipinos 菲律宾人
76. Approximate 接近
77. Norm 标准，规范
78. Descendents 后裔
79. Indigestible 不吸收的
80. Ambivalent 矛盾的，好恶相克的
81. Subside 下沉，平息，衰减
82. Illegality 非法行为
83. Cultural diversity / cultural unity
84. Progeny 后裔 (offspring 单复同形)
85. Net result 最终结果
86. Net 最后的，最终的
87. lag 滞后
88. Intermarriage 通婚，联姻
89. The key criteria (criterion sing.)
90. Gauge 标准，测量，评估
91. Hispanics
92. Parallel 相应，平行
93. Naturalization rate
94. In some respects 在某些方面
95. Evangelical 福音的，新教会的
96. A cultural clash
97. permeate 弥漫，渗透
98. comprise 包含，由……组成
99. abruptly 突然地
100. disrupt 使中断，使***，破坏
101. Spawn 卵，产卵，造成，产生
102. Split 裂口
103. Integrity 正直，完整性
104. Splinter ***
105. Miami Herald(使者，传令官), a paper in Miami
106. Supplement 增刊
107. Simultaneously 同时
108. Accommodate 使……适应
109. Adopt its culture
110.
Ⅱ
Only in America
Eric Hobsbawm
111. Getty Center 盖蒂博物馆
112. Personal acquaintance with America
113. Alexis de Tocqueville
114. a subject of attraction and fascination…, but also of detraction and disapproval
115. Substitute … for … 有什么取代什么
116. U.S.S.R Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
117. Implausibly; implausible 难以想象的，难以相信的
118. The cause of freedom was again engaged in another life-and-struggle against another evil.
119. Spectacularly 壮观的，引人入胜的
120. Outrage 暴行，愤怒
121. Outrageous 蛮横的，残暴的，令人不可容忍的
122. Absurd 荒谬
123. By any standards
124. The success story among 20th-century states
125. Hegemony in global consumer civilization seemed beyond challenge.
126. Its economy became the world’s largest, both pace-and pattern-setting.
127. If opinion is measured not by pollsters but by migrants
128. Working in the U.S.A., or liking to live in the U.S.A.—and especially in New York—does not imply the wish to become American.
129. It no longer implies a lasting choice for most people between one’s own nation and another, as it did before the Second World War, or even until the air-transport revolution in the 1960s, let alone the telephone and e-mail revolution of the 1990s.
130. novelty 新颖，新意
131. egalitarian 平等主义的
132. univers concentrationnarie 普遍集中营
133. rufuse dump 垃圾堆
134. skid row 贫民窟
135. soliloquy 独白
136. Winning is not only the most important thing, it is all there is.
137. identity crisis
138. at all events 在任何情况下
139. peculiarity 特性，怪癖
140. preoccupy 使日夜思考，使忧心忡忡
141. en route 在途中
142. omnipresent 无所不在的
143. entrench 确立，使处于牢固地位
144. egocentricity 自我中心主义
145. solipsism 唯我论
146. egalitarianism 平等主义
147. individualist 个人主义者
148. anti-authoritarian 反独*主义者的
149. antinomian 反律法主义者的
150. legalistic 尊重法律的
151. anarchism 无政府主义
152. deference 顺从，尊重
153. hierarch 教主，掌权者，等级制度的
154. encompass 包围，环绕，包含
155. haunt 萦绕，使困窘，弥漫
156. durable 持久的，耐用的
157. oeuvre 全部作品
158. jargon 行话
159. psychobabble 心理呓语
160. cosmopolitan 世界性的，全球（各地）的；世界主义者
161. hematologist 血液学家
162. at odds with 与……意见不一致，与……不合
163. vibes 情绪，气氛
164. deliberately 故意地( Vienna deliberately hides its social and political transformation by turning itself into a theme park of a glorious past.)
165. Bangladesh 孟加拉国
166. deindustrialization
167. gentrification 将日渐破败的市区改造为良好的中产阶级居住区
168. chasm 断层，中断，裂缝（historic chasm）
169. Great Slump 大萧条
170. tatty 破旧的，褴褛的
171. in the short run 从短期看
172. conceal隐藏，封闭
173. habitus 习惯
174. straitjacket 紧身衣，限制，约束
175. Talmudic [宗]《塔木德经》犹太法典的
176. exegesis 注释，解释
177. theologian 神学者
178. immobility 不动，固定
179. immune to 免疫的
180. gear 适当，配合to be geared to
181. mediocrity 平常，平庸
182. opaque 不透明的
183. New Hampshire primaries 美国大选揭幕战
184. provincial protectionism
185. Megalomania 妄自尊大，狂妄自大
186. occupational disease (职业病) of conquering powers
187. destabilize 使动摇
188. autobiography 自传
189. coalitions of the willing 自愿联盟
190. the fires Persian Gulf war
191. patently 明白地，公然地
192. veer 转向
193. self-delusion 自欺欺人
194. Orwellian newspeak 官腔
195. coherent 一致的，连贯的，粘贴在一起的
196. exportable 可输出的
197. tinker; tinkering 溶补，焊接
198. puberty 青春期
199. the model of U.S. politics and society
200. apex (zenith, peak, summit, top, tip)
201. It merely insists that who are not with it are against it.
202. distort 歪曲，扭曲
Ⅲ
Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social capital
By Robert D. Putnam
203. a strong and active civil society (市民社会)
204. postcommunist countries
205. lament 哀悼，悲叹
206. obliteration; obliterate 涂去，删除
207. civic engagement
208. emulate
209. vibrancy 活跃
210. the links between democracy and civil society
211. harbinger 先驱，预兆
212. propensity 倾向
213. civic association 公民协会
214. disposition 性情
215. unearth 掘出
216. empirical 经验主义的
217. norms and networks 规范和网络
218. elucidate 阐明
219. network capitalism 网络资本主义，儒家资本主义
220. collaboration
221. entrepreneurs 企业家
222. paleoindustrial （paleo-旧，古之义）
223. anachronism 时代错误
224. undergird 加强
225. ultramodern 超现代化的
226. Silicon Valley
227. representative government
228. quasi-experimental (quasi-半，类，似之义)
229. governance 治理
230. voter turnout 投票率
231. newspaper readship
232. hallmark 特点
233. reciprocity 互惠
234. solidarity 团结，一致
235. epiphenomenon 附带现象（epi-在上之义）
236. precondition 前提
237. connectedness 连通性
238. empirical studies 实地研究，实证研究
239. disparate 全异的，完全不同的
240. Social capital refers to features of social organization such as networks, norms, and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit.
241. by analogy 类推法
242. a substantial stock of social capital
243. (1) Foster sturdy norms of generalized reciprocity and encourage the emergence of social trust. (2) Facilitate coordination and communication, amplify reputations, and thus allow dilemmas of collective action（集体行为困境） to be resolved. (3) Incentives for opportunism are reduced. (4) Broaden participant’s sense of self, developing “I” into “we”, or enhancing the participants’ “taste” for collective benefits.
244. rational-choice theorists
245. in some measure 多少，稍稍
246. parallel (n.)相似之物，可相比拟的人 without (a) parallel 无与伦比之事
247. subnational governments 次国家政府
248. We began with familiar evidence on changing patterns of political participation, not least（相当重要） because it is immediately relevant to issues of democracy in the narrow sense.
249. forsake (pt. forsook; pp. forsaken)许弃，抛弃
250. voting booth 投票站点
251. by almost every measure
252. coincidently 巧合
253. disengage 脱离
254. amenable to 应服从的，有责任的
255. litany 连祷，一系列事情
256. General Social Survey GSS 综合社会调查
257. PTA parent-teacher associations
258. labor unions 工会
259. fraternal groups 兄弟会
260. veterans’ groups / service clubs 老兵会/士兵俱乐部
261. aggregate 合计，总计（的）An empire is the aggregate of many states under one common head.
262. religious affiliation
263. by many measures
264. crosscurrent 反对意见，相反的趋势
265. stagnate 停滞
266. datum ; data (pl.)
267. dismay 沮丧，惊慌
268. drastically 激烈地
269. barely 仅仅，刚刚
270. …dropped from more than 12 million in 1964 to barely 5 million in 1982 before recovering to approximately 7 million now.
271. Boy Scouts 童子军
272. multitude 多数，群众，大众
273. aide 助手
274. offset 抵消，弥补
275. whimsical 古怪的，异想天开的
276. discomfit 扰乱，挫败，使为难
277. plummet 垂直落下，骤降
278. plunge in 跃进，投入,陷入
279. league bowling / solo bowling
280. proprietor 业主，经营者 owner
281. forgo 作罢，放弃
282. ballot 选票；投票
283. counterargument 反论据，抗辩
284. confront 面临，遇到
285. exponentially; exponential 指数的（地）
286. dues-paying members; card-carrying members
287. lobbyist 游说者；说客
288. secondary associations / tertiary associations 第三代社团
289. root for 支持，赞助(have your fingers crossed for; support)
290. identify … with …认为某事物等同于
291. 3 countertrends: (1) the growth of tertiary organizations; (2) the growing prominence of nonprofit organizations; (3) a rapid expansion in “support groups” of various sorts.
292. in the presence of sb. 在……面前；在……眼前
293. traditional civic associations/ conventional civic organizations
294. attachment 附件，依恋，情结
295. More Americans than ever before are in social circumstances that foster associational involvement (higher education, middle age, and so on), but nevertheless aggregate associational membership appears to be stagnant or declining.
296. erode受腐蚀，逐渐消蚀掉
297. Conclusion: American social capital in the form of civic associations has significantly eroded over the last generation.
298. social decapitalization
299. quantitative 数量的
300. glaring 耀眼的
301. extended family/ nuclear family
302. The proportion of Americans saying that most people can be trusted fell by more than a third between 1960, when 58 chose that alternative, and 1993, when only 37 percent did.
303. correlation相关性；variable 变量；independent variable 自变量； dependent variable 因变量
304. tacitly；tacit 默许的，隐含的
305. The close correlation between social trust and associational membership is true not only across time and across individuals, but also across countries.
306. social trust; civic engagement; social connectedness; social identities
307. underlying 根本的，潜在的(fundamental)
308. facet 面，方面
309. deterioration 恶化，使恶化
310. equivalent 相等的
311. the movement of women into labor force
312. knock-on-effect 撞击作用
313. the sharpest decline
314. to date: up till now; so far
315. the “re-potting” hypothesis
316. Mobility, like frequent re-potting of plants, tends to disrupt root systems, and it takes time for uprooted individual to put down new roots.
317. Sun Belt 阳光地带
318. slackening 松弛，减弱
319. dwarf 相形之下使显矮小
320. externality 外形，外部因素
321. vaudeville 歌舞杂耍
322. virtual reality 虚拟事实
323. helmet 头盔
324. don (vt.) 穿上（衣服）
325. wedge 楔子，使***的东西
326. refuge 庇护所asylum（外交上的“庇护”）extradition（外交上的“引渡”）
327. scoundrel 无赖，流氓
328. a unidimensional concept 单维的……
329. mutual reciprocity 互惠
330. “horizontal” ties “represented” more productive social capital than vertical(垂直的) ties
331. macrosociological宏观社会学的
332. intersect 横断，交叉， 相交
333. hunch (six sense; intuition; gut feeling)
334. analogue 相似物，类似情况( parallel) …some social analogue of the first law of thermodynamics(热力学第一定律)—social capital is neither created nor destroyed, merely redistributed?
335. a rounded assessment 全面的评价
336. deleterious (harmful; poisonous)
337. overt(公然，公开) discrimination
338. beneficent 慈善的，仁慈的
339. cartelization 卡特尔化
340. rent seeking ( corruption) 寻租
341. impinges 撞击 on
342. slum-clearance policy (slum: skid row)
343. renovate 革新
344. verdict 裁决，判决，判断
345. tax deductions
346. front porches（走廊）
347. The concept of “civil society” has played a central role in the recent global debate about the preconditions for democracy and democratization.
348. inhospitable 冷淡的，不好客的
349. disarray 混乱
350. guise 伪装
351. High on our scholarly agenda should be the question of whether a comparable erosion of social capital may be under way in other advanced democracies, perhaps in different institutional and behavioral guises. High on America’s agenda should be the question of how to reverse these adverse trends in social connectedness, thus restoring civic engagement and civic trust.
Ⅳ
International Relations:
One World, Many Theories
By Stephen M. Walt
352. practitioner 从业事，开业者
353. scholarly study
354. There is an inescapable link between the abstract world of theory and the real world of policy.
355. contemptuous 轻蔑
356. blizzard 大风雪
357. bombard 炮轰
358. ascent 上升
359. integration into world markets
360. nascent 新生的
361. turbulent 动荡不安的
362. conflict-management mechanisms 冲突管理机制
363. orthodoxy 正统观念
364. heterogeneity 异质，异质性
365. homogeneity 同质，同质性
366. invective 恶言漫骂,辱骂
367. protract延长(prolong; extend)
368. The realist, liberal, and radical traditions: realism emphasizes the enduring propensity for conflict between states; liberalism identifies several ways to mitigate these conflictive tendencies; and the radical tradition describes how the entire system of state relations might be transformed.
369. fuzzy ：nebulous, unclear
370. Realism depicts international affairs as a struggle for power among self-interested states and is generally pessimistic about the prospects for eliminating conflict and war. |
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发表于 2007-8-14 20:05:57
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