新中国外交史讲义

余岚0528

<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">目录：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">??</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">概</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">? ?? ?? ?</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">论</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第一单元、新中国外交的缘起与形成（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1949-19550</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：新中国对外政策的缘起</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：建交方针的提出与实践</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：抗美援朝与援越抗法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：和平共处五项原则的提出及其意义</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第二单元、发展与动荡的十年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1956-1965</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：**八大外交方针的提出。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：中苏关系的发展与衰落</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：中美关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：与周边国家的关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第三单元、**期间的中国外交（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1965-1977</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：**对中国外交的冲击和影响。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节、中苏边界冲突与中美缓和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：中国外交的发展与挫折。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span></span>

余岚0528

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第四单元、改革开放与中国外交的转型（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1978-1989</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：清除</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：中美关系正常化及其曲折发展</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节、中苏关系正常化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第五单元、冷战后中国外交概论</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：后冷战时代中国外交战略</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：冷战后中国对外关系的新格局。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：新世纪中国对外关系发展的基本问题极左外交的影响</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">概</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">? ?? ?? ?</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">论</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">三课时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">一、讲授和研究的目的。（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">分钟）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">中华人民共和国对外关系指</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1949</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年中华人民共和国成立至今的中国对外关系。它主要包括三个方面的内容：一，以国家为主体的国家外交关系；二，以中国***为行为者的政党外交关系；三，特殊形式的非政府对外关系，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">人民外交</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">所形成的对外关系，它是国家外交的重要方面和补充。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">? ? </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">是中国人认识自己，认识自己的历史，认识自己与世界的关系的重要知识。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> (1)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">中华人民共和国外交史首先是中国历史不可缺少的一个部分。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> (2)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">学习和研究中华人民共和国外交史是认识自己以及自己与世界之的系的重要部分和重要环节。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> (3)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">中华人民共和国外交史研究必定会对中国当今和今后的对外政策产生巨大的影响。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">二、学科研究概况。（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">分钟）全面介绍有关研究的现状，目的是说明现在教授的内容是很不够的，深度和范围都不够。希望能够在学习中积极参与，独立思考，积极讨论和阅读。中华人民共和国外交史在中国的国际政治和国际关系教研领域占据相当重要的位置。改革开放</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年来，经过学术界不断的努力，中国外交史的教研工作取得了很大进步。研究中国外交史的群体最初主要是由两个部分组成的。其一是国家外交部门（如外交部的外交史研究室、《当代中国外交》编写组）及所属院校（如外交部所属外交学院）中从事此项研究的人员。这支队伍已经出版了很有分量的通史类著作，着重从国家外交的角度，归纳、描述和介绍中国外交的发展演变过程。另一群体是党史研究工作者，他们的成果侧重于重大事件和决策的专题研究。现在有越来越多的高校教师加入到教研的行列。中国外交史研究是因政治宣传和国际政治斗争的需要而产生和发展起来的，这一特点对研究的影响是明显的。如研究中重策论而轻学术，重诠释而轻批判、重描述而轻思辨等。这些特点表现在研究成果中则是欠缺独立思考，不重视学术规范，以及文化品味不高等。总而言之，中国外交史研究还是一块刚开始开垦的处女地。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span>

余岚0528

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">三、关于时期的划分与重点。（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">分钟）分为两个大的历史阶段：第一个阶段从建国到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1978</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年；第二阶段从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">11</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">届三中全会到现在。第一阶段可以大致分为三个时期：建国到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1955</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年是形成时期；**八大到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1965</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年是发展与探索时期；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1966</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年以后是十年文化大革命时期。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">? ? </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第二个阶段大致可以分为两个时期：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">11</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">届三中全会到冷战结束；冷战结束至今。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???<br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第四节：和平共处五项原则的提出及其意义</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">三课时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">? ? <br />??1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、中国参加日内瓦会议。（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">分钟）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">? ???<br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">朝鲜停战后，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 1954</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月在日内瓦召开了由中、苏、美、英、法及有关国家外长参加的讨论朝鲜问题和印度支那问题的会议。这是中华人民共和国首次以五大国之一的地位和身分，参加讨论重大国际问题，也是中国第一次通过大型多边的国际会议，和平解决国际争端。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）决定参加日内瓦会议的原因主要是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1951</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年开始，工作中心逐步转入以经济建设为中心、周边形势恶化和美国在印度支那进行军事干涉的可能性在增加。在以上三方面因素的影响下，从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1952</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年开始提出了新的安全战略构想，并开始调整对外政策。主要内容就是缓和周边形势，争取在周边建立和平缓冲地区，相应地提出了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">和平统一战线</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">政策。在这个背景下，参加日内瓦会议促成印度支那停战，不是一个孤立的、临时的、和局部的停战问题，是中国外交战略转变的一个重大的关键的步骤，它决定了中国对会议中一系列洞达问题问题的基本态度和一些重大的外交决策。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">?????</span>

余岚0528

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）促成印度支那停战日内瓦会议要讨论解决两个问题。第一个是朝鲜问题，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">26</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日开始，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">15</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日结束，没有取得任何结果。第二个是印度支那问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日召开讨论印度支那问题的会议。在讨论过程中，中国的政策实际上包含两个内容，一是坚决促成印度支那停战；二是决定打开外交大门。周恩来负责会议准备工作，在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月初步提出会议方针：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">加强外交和国际活动，以破坏美国的封锁禁运、扩军备战的政策，以促进国际紧张局势的缓和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，以及尽一切努力，务期达成某些可以获得一致意见和解决办法的协议，甚至是临时性的或个别性的协议，力求不使日内瓦会议无结果而散。在具体方案上，设想了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">种方案：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，就地停战、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，在统一选举基础上建立联合政府、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，北纬</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">16</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">度划线分治、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，先划区再停战、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">联合国托管。周恩来提出，最上策是争取划线停战的方案。方案获批准。会议期间周恩来做了艰巨的说服工作，在周恩来的推动下，法、越双方终于达成妥协，以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">17</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">度线为界停战。经过前后长达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">75</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">天的讨论，在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">21</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日的最后一次全体会议上，有关各方终于达成了日内瓦会议关于恢复印度支那和平的协议和三个停战协定并发表了最后宣言，只有美国拒绝在最后宣言上签字，。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）在日内瓦会议上的外交成功的意义</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">? ???</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">有三个重要的意义：促成印度支那停战，使国际形势进一步的缓和，巩固了中国南部边陲的安全，为国内建设创造了有利的周边环境；内瓦会议是新中国打破美国孤立和遏制政策的重要一步，中美两国代表也就双方公民回国问题进行了接触；日内瓦会议成功的实践促使**中央决定大幅度调整外交政策，坚定了对和平共处五项原则的信心，下决心打开大门。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">???</span>

余岚0528

<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、和平共处五项原则的提出与主要内容（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">分钟）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）提出与主要内容。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">和平共处五项原则是在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1953</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">12</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">31</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日，周恩来在北京接见印度谈判代表团时，首次系统地提出了和平共处五项原则。之所以是在同印度谈判中提出，主要是针对当时中印两国间存在的问题，特别是印度与中国西藏地方关系中存在的问题，周恩来希望双方以五项原则为基础妥善处理。五项原则是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">互相尊重领土主权、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互惠和平共处</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1954</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">25</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">29</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日，周恩来借日内瓦会议休会，访问了印度和缅甸。在《中印两国总理联合声明》和《中缅两国总理联合声明》中都写入了和平共处五项原则，有关各方一致同意以和平共处五项原则作为指导相互关系的原则，并倡议将其作为处理国际关系的准则。其中改了一句，平等互惠改成了平等互利。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1955</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">19</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日，周恩来在万隆会议上的发言中，将互相尊重领土主权改为互相尊重主权与领土完整。他说根据和平共处五项原则，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">社会制度不同的国家是可以实现和平共处的。在保证实施这些原则的基础上，国际间的争端没有理由不能够协商解决</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。至万隆会议时将表述方式最后确定下来，即：互相尊重主权和领土完整，互不侵犯、互不干涉内政，平等互利、和平共处。这五条成为一个有机体，概括出中国倡议的新型国家关系准则。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /><br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /></span>

余岚0528

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）和平共处五项原则的思想渊源。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">列宁首先提出和平共处思想，中心是：社会主义国家与资本主义国家之间可以和平相处，存在一个互相不使用武力的和平时期，他们可以和平共处，建立正常的外交关系，进行正常的国家交往。斯大林提出了三大矛盾的学说，认为在帝国主义国家之间、社会主义与帝国主义之间、帝国主义与殖民地国家之间，等等矛盾中，帝国主义国家之间的矛盾、帝国主义宗主国与殖民地国家之间的矛盾，超过了帝国主义与社会主义的矛盾，殖民地、半殖民地国家争取民族独立的运动是社会主义的同盟军。思想根源是中国近代以来建立平等的国际秩序的追求。在中国近代的先进思想中，包含着大量追求国与国之间平等的思想。**继承了中国近代的平等思想。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）提出的背景。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">首先，新中国外交包含着与生俱来的过渡性，新中国外交指导思想形成于革命时期，而中国革命的胜利是通过渐进的方式实现的，复杂的经历形成了独特的经验，运用到后来的国家外交实践中便展现出处理对外关系的行为特征。其次，国内经济建设迫切需要和平的周边环境，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1953</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年开始实施第一个五年计划，全国转入大规模经济建设，外交政策的调整已经势在必行。新的对外政策在实践中首先表现为争取在中国周边地区形成安全缓冲地带。第三，中国领导人对有关问题的重新认识，其一是调整对两大阵营理论的认识。其二是对国家外交的认识的深化。从目前已经公开的资料看，周恩来在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1952</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">30</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日的谈话中第一次明确了外交</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">是以国家和国家的关系为对象的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。这在今天看来是很简单的结论，在当时却具有标志性的意义，它表明新中国外交与中国革命运动对外关系这两者之间的本质区别终于被认清并揭示出来了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span>

余岚0528

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）和平共处五项原则提出的历史意义。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">和平共处五项原则的提出是中华人民共和国外交发展的一个阶段性界碑，它是从革命运动外交向国家外交过渡的一次关键性转变，标志着新中国外交原则的最终形成和确立。和平共处五项原则最初是为处理与亚非民族独立国家的关系而提出的，但它提出之后很快就彼中国领导人当作处理国与国关系的普遍准则。从长远发展来看，和平共处五项原则是最具生命力的政策。经过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年实践的检验，和平共处五项原则不仅成为我国对外政策的基石，而且成为被普遍接受的国际关系基本准则。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br />3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、中国参加万隆会议。（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">分钟）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">中国参加万隆会议是新的和平外交方针的具体落实，万隆会议中中国代表团的活动极大地提高了中国在亚洲的影响力，证明了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">求同存异</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的原则在外交实践中是行之有效的。中国参加这次会议并取得成功，打开了中国外交的新局面，对中国外交政策的制订和发展产生了重要的影响。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /><br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /></span>

余岚0528

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">节：中苏关系的发展与衰落</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">二课时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br />1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年代中期中苏关系的发展（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">分钟）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">这</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年中苏关系几乎与中国外交动荡相伴始终，对中国的内政和外交都产生了巨大的影响。直到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1958</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年，中苏关系一直是友好和密切的。两国在政治、外交、军事、经济、文化和科技等各个领域，进行了全面的合作。中苏关系的全面发展一度弥合了双方在历史上的误解和分歧</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 1954</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月赫鲁晓夫率团访华期间，中苏签署了七个重要文件，其中包括苏军从旅顺口的海军基地撤退，并于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1955</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">31</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日前将该基地交由中国完全支配；以及将</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1950</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1951</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年创办的四个中苏股份公司中的苏联股份自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1955</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日起完全交给中国。赫鲁晓夫在与毛**的会谈中，还就国际形势问题与毛**交换了意见，并取得了基本一致的看法。在此后的一段时期里，中国相当积极地支持和配合了苏联在国际舞台上的活动。推动中苏关系进一步发展的另一个重要事件是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1956</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年波兰和匈牙利事件发生后，**中央帮助和支持赫鲁晓夫领导集团渡过了政治难关。苏共中央承认，它以往处理国际共产主义运动内部的党际和国际关系的基本原则是错误的，必须予以纠正。至少在表面上，苏共中央接受了**领导人一贯倡导的国与国、党与党之间必须平等相处、互相尊重的原则。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 1957</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">11</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">14</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">16</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日，在莫斯科召开了社会主义国家共产党和工人党代表会议。主要是经过**和苏共的共同努力，会议基本达到了增强国际共运内部的团结和扭转波兰匈牙利事件后的形势的目的。会议一致通过了社会主义国家共产党和工人党的宣言，中苏关系也因此而达到一个新的高度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /><br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /></span>

余岚0528

<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、中苏分歧的产生及其背景。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">主要是分析分歧和矛盾的发生、内容和同盟的衰落。可以分成两个阶段，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1959</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月北京会晤是中苏关系走向衰落的转折。（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1956——1957</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年中苏的分歧与矛盾，主要围绕国际上一系列重大事件展开的，包括苏共</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">大的影响、波匈事件的影响、莫斯科会议上的分歧的影响，等等。另一方面八大以后中国的对外政策也开始出现波动，在其他一些重大国际事件的影响下，中国领导人对国际形势的看法和对各种国际力量对比的估计开始发生变化。首先，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年代中期，亚非人民的反帝反殖斗争继续向前发展。其次是资本主义阵营的内部矛盾，特别是美、英、法三个主要资本主义国家之间的矛盾有了进一步的增长。第三是总的来看，当时社会主义力量依然充满朝气，在两大阵营的斗争中社会主义阵营占据着相对主动的地位。最后，由于波匈事件和苏伊士运河事件的发生，前一时期出现的国际形势趋于缓和的势头被打断了，两大阵营的关系，中国同美国的关系都重新紧张起来。这些因素使中国的对内对外政策都开始出现明显的变化。（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1958</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1959</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月是中苏关系的转折。从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1958</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1959</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年，在经历了一系列分歧和冲突以后，中苏关系发生逆转。从过程看，主要包括以下三个方面：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br />1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，在安全与军事合作领域的分歧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br />2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，在对外政策上的分歧，主要是对美国关系上的分歧。中苏在军事和安全领域的分歧在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1959</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年进一步扩大，发展到双方已经无法在战略层次上协调政策，当时矛盾的焦点集中于对美政策。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br />3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，在中国</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">大跃进</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">问题上的分歧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1957</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年莫斯科会议以后，为了顺利贯彻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">大跃进</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">政策和相应的对外政策，毛**在党内进一步批评了那些强调苏联经验的人。上述历史背景、庐山会议等与赫鲁晓夫对当时中国内外政策的批评混合在一起，导致了毛**将赫鲁晓夫的言行同**党内的斗争联系起来，加剧了中苏矛盾。</span>

余岚0528

<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、中苏论战及其影响。（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">分钟）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1960</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1964</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年，是中苏同盟走向破裂的时期。在这个时期，中苏经历了一些的考验，在社会主义阵营内部和外部，都出现了新的挑战、新的问题。在处理这些问题的过程中，中苏两党在意识形态领域的分歧和争论日益尖锐激烈，两国在对外政策、安全事务等领域的矛盾、分歧不断发生，并逐步被导入到意识形态的争论中，最终使同盟彻底破裂。意识形态、战略利益、对外政策、国内政策等等分歧、矛盾，几乎是同时发生，同时存在，在不同的时期，有的矛盾突出一些，有的矛盾有所缓和或暂时消失，但一直是互相影响、互相刺激的，当一切分歧与矛盾被归结为或上升为两种意识形态的斗争时，在那个时代矛盾就很难解决了。（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1960</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年春到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1961</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年夏季，是意识形态论战的初期。其中发生了几个重大事件，包括：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1960</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">24</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">26</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日在罗马尼亚布加勒斯特举行的各国共产党和工人党会议，这是中苏公开论战的第一个战场。随后是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">81</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">国共产党和工人党会议在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1960</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">11</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月十月革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">43</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">周年时在莫斯科召开的国际会议，中苏关系有所缓和。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1961</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月召开的苏共第二十二次全国代表大会导致关系又一次开始恶化，不过中苏对双方的分歧还是采取了比较克制的态度。后来发生的一系列事件逐步侵蚀、冲击中苏关系，维持两国关系的愿望终于未能经受住冲击。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">28</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日古巴导弹危机以苏联的退让而告结束。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月发生的美苏古巴导弹危机也成了中苏矛盾的催化剂。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 11</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">19</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日苏共中央召开会议，肯定了赫鲁晓夫在古巴导弹危机中的决策，从而使他从困境中摆脱出来。他立刻着手反击中国在危机期间对苏联政策的批评。从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">11</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月起相继召开的保加利亚、匈牙利、意大利、捷克斯洛伐克和东德等国的党代表大会上，苏联及其盟友对中国进行了公开的批评。**中央进行了反击，从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">12</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">15</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日至次年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日，相继发表了《全世界无产者联合起来，反对我们的共同敌人》和《在莫斯科宣言和声明的基础上团结起来》等七篇文章进行反驳。至此，中苏论战实际上已经开始。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span>