【经济】【0805~0812】【经济危机专题10】【F】【译文】-许慧隽

nashhan

Great Depression
大萧条

The Great Depression was a severe worldwideeconomic depression in the decade preceding
World
War II.The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countriesit started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s.[1] Itwas the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century,and is used in the 21st century as an example of how far the world's economy can decline.[2] Thedepression originated in the U.S., starting with the stock market crash ofOctober 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday), but quickly spread to almost everycountry in the world.[1]

大萧条是一场全球性的经济大衰退，发生于第二次世界大战之前的十年里。各国大萧条的时间并不相同，但多数国家的大萧条都是于1929年左右爆发，19世纪30年代晚期或19世纪40年代早期结束。【1】这是20世纪持续时间最长、发生范围最广、影响最深远的经济衰退，在21世纪，人们将其作为研究世界经济衰退程度的先例。【2】这场以1929年10月29日的股票市场崩溃（也被称为“黑色星期二”）为开端的经济萧条起源于美国，但很快就蔓延到世界上几乎每一个国家。【1】

The Great Depression haddevastating effects in virtually every country, rich and poor. Personal income,tax  revenue, profits and prices dropped, and international trade plunged by
1/2 to 2/3.Unemployment in the U.S. roseto 25%, and in some countries rose as high as 33%.[3] Cities all around theworld were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry. Constructionwas virtually halted in manycountries. Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell byapproximately 60%.[4][5][6] Facing plummeting demand with few alternate sources of jobs, areas dependent on primary sectorindustries such as cash cropping, mining and logging suffered the most.[7]

事实上，大萧条对每一个国家，无论富裕贫穷，都有着毁灭性的影响。个人收入、赋税收入、利润、物价降低，国际贸易量减少1/2至2/3。美国的失业率上升至25%，有些国家甚至高达33%。【3】世界各个城市都受到沉重的打击，尤其以那些依赖于重工业的城市为甚。许多国家的建设实质上都处于停滞状态。农业和农村地区遭受巨大损失，农产品价格下降近60%。【4】【5】【6】面对直线下降的需求以及极少的工作岗位选择源，依赖第一产业行业如经济作物、采矿、伐木的地区遭受损失最大。【7】

Countries started to recover by the mid-1930s, butin many countries the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until thestart of World War II.[8]

直到19世纪30年代中期，各国经济才开始复苏。但是，在许多国家，大萧条造成的负面影响一直持续到第二次世界大战的开始。【8】

“按照CC-BY-SA 3.0和GFDL协议授权”
译者：许慧隽
原文作者：wikipedia