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[分享] 汉译英技巧
汉译英的技巧
1、分清主从:
复合句中,有两个甚至两个以上的谓语动词,要分清哪个是主句的动词。
例1:你和我们耍花招没用。
It’s no use you trying your tricks on us.
例2:下次会议讨论我们是否接受他的建议。
It will be discussed at next meeting whether we should accept his offer or not.
例3:我想他插上话并不难,因为那些喜欢饶舌头的人都不在。
I think it difficult for him to get a word in edgeways, because all the chatterboxes are not here.
例4:直到几天以后,我才发现被那个小贩骗了。
He was not until several days later that I realized I was taken in by that vendor.
2、选词用字:
要根据不同的语境来选择词汇,不要千篇一律。
例1:情况不明。
The situation is not clear.
例2:这种情况必须改变。
This state of affairs must change.
例3:我明天来看你。
I’ll call on you tomorrow.
例4:看,哪儿有一只猫。
Look, there is a cat.
例5:我看见房子边有一只猫,你看见了吗?
I see a cat beside the house, and you?
3、词的增补:
例1:见到你真是太好了。
It’s wonderful seeing you.
例2:在非常复杂的政治局面中犯一些错误是很自然的。
It’s quite natural making mistakes in a very complicated political situation.
4、词的省略:
例1:我提前完成了任务,他也提前完成了。
I’ve finished my task ahead of schedule, so has he.
例2:他的脸晒得很黑,他的双手大而有力。
His face is tanned and his hands big and strong.
例3:我不想去,但是如果他们希望我去,我就去。
I don’t want to go, but I’ll go if they wish me to.
5、词类转换:
例1:一定要少说空话,多做工作。
There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
例2:语言这东西不是随便可以学好的,非下苦功不可。
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
例3:不要乱丢果皮纸屑。
No litter, please!
例4:真奇怪,她不辞而别了。
I felt curious that she lift without saying good-bye.
6、词序调整
例1:为了我们过上幸福的生活,英雄们献出了自己的生命。
The heroes gave their lives so that we might live a happy life.
例2:无论时间早晚,我们必须在回家前干完工作。
We must finish the work before we go home, whether it be early or late.
例3:如果要排成一寸长就需要大约一亿二千五百万个水分子。
It would take about 125 million of molecules of water to form a row an inch long.
例4:她昨天坐火车去了上海。
She went to Shanghai by train yesterday.
英译汉句型训练
1.(不管困难多大),we won’t lose confidence.
答案:No matter how great the difficulty may be,
解析:这句话的意思是不管困难多大,我们都不会失去信心.词组no matter引导让步状语从句,表示“不管,不论”。
2.The students did not understand the meaning of the sentence(直到老师再解释一遍)。
答案:until the teacher had explained it a second time.
解析:这句话的意思是老师再解释一遍后,同学们才听懂这个句子的意思.do not do sth … until句型表示“直到…才…”。
3.(使他吃惊的是), she criticized him instead of praising him.
答案:To his surprise
解析:这句话的意思是使他吃惊的是, 她不仅没有表扬他,反而批评了他。to one’s surprise 为“使某人吃惊的是”。
4(只要我们继续努力),we can finish the task ahead of schedule.
答案:So long as we continue to work hard,
解析:这句话的意思是只要我们继续努力,就能提前完成任务。so long as 为固定句型,意思为“只要”。
5.He couldn’t make himself heard( 因为外面声音嘈杂).
答案:because of the noise outside
解析:这句话的意思是因为外面声音嘈杂,他没法让大家听到他讲的话. because of意思为“因为”,后接名词或名词性词组。
6.Mary feels that(单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的.)
答案: it is difficult to carry out her plan by herself.
解析:这句话的意思是玛丽感到单靠自己的力量来执行计划是很困难的.it is + adj to do sth为固定句型。在句中,it is difficult to do sth 表示“做某事很困难”。
7.You must save enough money monthly (这样你就能买下学期的教科书了).
答案:so that you can buy textbooks next semester.
解析:这句话的意思是每月一定要留出足够的钱,这样你就能买下学期的教科书了.so that 引导目的状语从句,表示“以便,为了”。
8.The policeman required that(司机把事故讲述得更详细一些.)
答案:the driver review the accident in greater detail.
解析:这句话的意思是警察要求司机把事故讲述得更详细一些.require 为“要求”,后接从句用(should) do sth的形式。
9(取决于你)to decide whether to go or to stay.
答案:It’s up to you
解析:这句话的意思是是去是留由你决定。It’s up to sb to do sth,为固定搭配,意思是“由某人决定做某事”
10.(至少要花两小时)to go there by bus.
答案:It takes at least two hours
解析:这句话的意思是坐公共汽车到那儿至少要两个小时。It takes sb + 时间to do sth 为“做某事花了某人多长时间”。
11.Emmie used to(除了咖啡什么都不喝)。
答案:drink nothing but coffee.
解析:这句话的意思是艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝.used to do sth 表示过去常常做某事。but 除了表示“但是”,还可以表示“除了…以外”。
12.I took an English book with me (以便有空可以读一下).
答案:so that I could read it when I was free.
解析:这句话的意思是我随身带了本英语书以便有空可以读一下。so that 后接目的状语从句,表示“以便,为了”。
13. The farther away an object is from us, (看起来就越小)。
答案:the smaller it looks
解析: 这句话的意思是物体离我们越远,看起来就越小。The +比较级,the +比较级,表示“越…越…”,为固定句型。
14. The more nervous you are in the exam, (越容易犯错)。
答案:the more likely you are to make mistakes
解析:这句话的意思是考试时越紧张就越容易出错。The more+比较级,the more+比较级,为固定句型,意为“越...越...”。
15.When he left his parents he promised them that he would (尽量多写信)。
答案:write as much as possible
解析:这句话的意思是离开父母时,他向他们答应会尽量多写信。as much as possible 为“尽可能多”。
16. He conquers not only the sea, (也征服了癌症)。
答案:but also the cancer
解析:这句话的意思是他不仅征服了海洋,也征服了癌症。not only … but also表示“不仅… 而且”,连接两个并列成分。
17. (一旦作出承诺),you should keep it.
答案:Once you make a promise
解析:这句话的意思是一旦作出承诺,就要遵守诺言。Once连词,意思为“一旦”。此外,还可以作为副词,表示“一次”。
18. (他过去经常晚上来我家)for a cup of coffee.
答案:He used to come to my home in the evening
解析:这句话的意思是他过去经常晚上来我家喝上一杯咖啡。used to do sth表示过去常常做某事。
19.The earlier the better, (对我来说)
答案:as far as I am concerned
解析:这句话的意思是对我来说,越早越好。as far as …concerned表示“就… 来说,就…而言”。
20.He is old enough to (照顾自己)。
答案:take care of himself
解析:这句话的意思是他够大了,可以照顾自己了。old enough to 表示“大到足够….”。
21.Take the money with you (以防有意外发生)。
答案:in case something unexpected happens
解析:这句话的意思是把这些钱带上,以防有意外发生。in case 为固定搭配,意思是“以防,以免”。
22.(无论干什么),we must carry out our duties.
答案:No matter what we do
解析:这句话的意思是无论干什么,我们都应履行自己的职责。no matter 表示“不管,无论”。
23.He is used to (晚睡晚起)。
答案:going to bed late and getting up late
解析:这句话的意思是他习惯晚睡晚起。be used to doing sth固定搭配,意思是“习惯于做某事”。
24.He turned on the TV (一回到家)。
答案:as soon as he got home
解析:这句话的意思是他一回到家就打开了电视。as soon as为“一...就...”。
25.He’d rather stay alone (也不愿去参加晚会)。
答案:than go to the party
解析:这句话的意思是他宁愿一个人呆着也不愿去参加晚会。would rather do sth than do sth为固定句型,意思是“宁愿做...而不做...”。
26.The students demand that (图书馆周末开放)。
答案:the library be open at weekends
解析:这句话的意思是学生要求图书馆周末开放。demand意思为“要求”,后面接从句时,从句的谓语形式为should do,其中should可以省略。.
27.(很可能)he will give up in despair.
答案:It is likely that
解析:这句话的意思是他很可能在绝望中放弃。It is likely that+从句,为固定句型,表示“很可能...”.
28.No sooner had he entered the room (就停电了)。
答案:than the electricity went off
解析:这句话的意思是他一进门就停电了。No sooner … than …为固定句型,意思是"一...就..."。No sooner引导的句子要采用部分倒装。
29. (亨利创作的艺术品)are better than his brother’s.
答案:The art works created by Henry
解析:这句话的意思是亨利创作的艺术品比他兄弟的要好.
30. (她一拿到成绩), she went to tell his parents.
答案:As soon as she got her marks,
解析:这句话的意思是她一拿到成绩,就去告诉父母。As soon as 为“一… 就…”。
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请高人指点复试英语听力口语专业课方法及技巧,谢谢 |
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