NGO，GLOGBAL PROBLEMS AND NATIONAL SECURITY

gqy0808

<h1 style="MARGIN: 17pt 0cm 16.5pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span></font></p><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">四：全球问题与中国大战略的关系</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></font></h1><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">全球问题离不开发展，所有问题的解决都有赖于发展。这要求我们在认识和解决全球问题的时候要从大战略的全局视野去看待和决策。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">大战略即国家的综合战略（安全战略，发展战略，军事战略等等）</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">制定大战略需要考虑四个向度的因素：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">时代向度：全球化时期，任何发展都离不开全球化的背景</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">????????????????????? </font></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">????????????????????????????????? </span>2 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">文明向度：处在超越工业文明的时代模式，走可持续发展道路</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">????????????????????????????????? </span>3 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">国际环境：和平与发展是当今时代的主题；体制内矛盾依然突出；对美国一超地位和西方对国际秩序的主导地位做客观的评估；国际机制的作用大打强化（认同度，强制性）；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">NGO</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">作用的加强，国内公民社会的力量也在加强</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">????????????????????????????????? </span>4 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">国内向度：经济实力的迅速提升；中国国际地位的提高（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2004</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年世界掀起了对“中国模式”的</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">讨论）；国人思维方式的变化（超意识形态对抗性）；国际决策的定位</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">::</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">从现行秩序的批判者，打碎者到有保留的认同者，建设性的融合者的转换。民族自信心的提高和民族主义的抬头。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">中国大战略应该秉承的原则：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">高举改革开放的旗帜，理性看待全球化，做到不犯对全球化的大势，到有责任去规范它的负效应。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">????????????????????????? </span>2 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">坚持文明转型，对社会发展要强调可持续性。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">????????????????????????? </span>3 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">要在对外战略中更务实，更灵活，积极参创建和修正国际机制。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">????????????????????????? </span>4 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">强调建立和谐社会的作用（和谐世界），强化社会（公民社会）的力量，不仅仅是停留在化解当前矛盾的层次上，更重要的是要培育，强化社会的力量。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">??????????????????????</span>5 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">以平和的心态，用和平的手段实现中国的崛起。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">????????????????????????? </span>6 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">关注由国家政治向非国家政治转变。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">国家在制定战略时的国家主义与全球主义：从国家中心出发，考虑其特殊性到从全球视角，考虑人类的共同利益（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">0</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">普世性），兼顾考虑，在实践中不断整合。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">补充内容：当今世界全球化过程中的反全球化力量活动的主体和指向：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">以前有一种误解，以为但凡是反全球化的力量必然是发展中国家，出于对自己落后和脆弱的民主工业和国民经济体系的封闭性保护，而千方百计地组织全球化的进程。其实，在当今全球化进程中最有影响力的反全球化力量是西方发动国家中因为国内市场的对外开放而导致的某些产业链条上受到更大竞争压力的从业者，在劳工组织的鼓噪下而掀起来的对国内政府和相关国际组织的抗议。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? </span>2 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">传统的马克思主义者：因为马克思流派的分析者对这个运行着的世界是从阶级视角分析的，那么全球化本身所具有的超国家主义和超意识形态对抗性的特质显然是其所不能容忍的。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? </span>3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">极端民族主义者：极端民族主义势力以保护内部单一性，</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">传承的纯洁性，和对自我优势的满足心理反对全球化可能带来的杂糅，和对现状的破坏。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? </span>4 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">国际环保组织等等其他</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">NGO </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">组织：他们从纯功能性的角度出发，在其领域内对出现和可能出现的全球化带来的危害而高举反全球化的大旗。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">全球化进程中存在的问题：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">全球化的非人性：一旦卷入似乎就不为人所主观选择。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">??????????????????????? </span>2 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">精英参与，而民众参与困难。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">??????????????????????? </span>3 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">跨国公司监管不够</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">从</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">NGO</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的角度考虑：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">加大</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">NGO</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的民间外交，培育民间力量，参与全球化</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?????????????????? </span>2 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">要求市民社会与国际融合。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?????????????????? </span>3 NGO</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">应该从现在的被动应对向主动塑造转型和升级。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">张敏谦</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">教授提出的几个发人深思的问题：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在全球化过程中，对中国</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">CORE VALUE</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">LIFE STYLE </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的安全的挑战和侵袭我们如何应对？</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">??????????????????????????????????? </span>2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在开放条件下，随着硬实力的增强，应该加强软实力的构建。如何处理好中国的国际形象问题与国内政治体制改革，加快民主化建设的关系得问题？</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">??????????????????????????????????? </span>3 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">开放与安全的关系问题以及如何做到兼顾？（龙永图“越开放越安全”）</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">?</font></p></span></p>