美制造业企业将大举迁离亚洲

飞雪寒冰

Most big US manufacturing companies are considering relocating factories from low-cost Asian countries to the US or Latin America as they face rising logistics and transport costs, according to a report being released today by Accenture, the consultants.
咨询公司埃森哲(Accenture)今日发布的报告称，由于面临日益上涨的物流与运输成本，多数美国大型制造企业正在考虑将工厂从低成本的亚洲国家迁移至美国或拉丁美洲。

The earthquake and tsunami in Japan, which have wreaked havoc on global supply chains, have underlined how multinational manufacturers can find themselves stranded without critical components.
日本发生的地震和海啸对全球供应链造成了巨大破坏，也突显出一个现象，即跨国制造企业如果缺少关键零部件，就会陷入极为被动的局面。

飞雪寒冰

Caterpillar, the world’s largest manufacturer of earthmoving equipment by revenues, said its factories around the world could be “sporadically impacted” by the disruption to its Japanese supply chain. The company has already located alternative sources for components produced by its Japanese suppliers.
按营业收入计算全球最大的土方设备制造商卡特彼勒(Caterpillar)称，公司在全球各地的工厂可能会由于日本供应链中断而“受到零星影响”。该公司已经为原来由日本供应商制造的零部件找到了替代来源。

The problems in Japan could prompt big manufacturers to reassess the risks in their global supply chains. The Accenture report suggests that, long before the earthquake, such companies were already looking at simplifying supply chains by bringing them closer to end-markets.
日本出现的问题可能会促使大型制造企业重新评估其全球供应链的风险。埃森哲公司的此份报告显示，远在地震发生之前，这些公司已经在寻求简化供应链，使其更贴近终端市场。

飞雪寒冰

Some 61 per cent of manufacturing executives surveyed by the consultancy said they were considering more closely matching supply location with demand location by onshoring or “nearshoring” manufacturing and supply.
埃森哲调查的制造企业高管中约有61%表示，曾考虑通过将制造和供应部门迁移至本国或“近岸”(nearshoring)地点，使供应地和需求地更紧密地配合。

Matt Reilly, Accenture’s managing director of process and innovation performance, said that this could lead to a wave of factory relocations in the next three years as big US manufacturers move production from Asia to the US and Latin America. “In the past five years, companies were driving at labour cost arbitrage and lower material costs,” Mr Reilly said.
埃森哲负责流程和创新绩效的董事总经理马特•莱利(Matt Reilly)称，这可能会在未来三年中引发一波迁移工厂的潮流，美国大型制造企业会将生产部门从亚洲迁至美国和拉丁美洲。莱利表示：“过去五年中，企业热衷于劳动力成本套利和追逐更低的原料成本。”

飞雪寒冰

“But now that oil and transportation prices have gone up, productivity gains are not as big as they were, and there are issues around risk in supply chains, companies are starting to go where the customers are, instead of where the raw materials are.” He said the shift was also being driven by customer demands for quicker supply times and greater customisation.
“但现在石油和运输价格上涨，生产力效益也没有以前那么大，此外还有供应链风险的问题，因此企业开始向客户所在地迁移，而不再选择原材料所在地。”他表示，客户对更快供应时间和更强定制化的需求也推动了这种转变。

“A lot of what’s going on in manufacturing innovation is about trying to get customer feedback quickly and injecting that back into the supply chain, so that features and functions can be changed quickly,” he said. “It’s tough to do that when you’ve got stuff going on in Thailand or Japan.”
“制造业创新领域的动态，很多都是关于积极快速地获得客户反馈，并将其注入到供应链中，这样功能和特性才能很快改变，”他表示。“如果工厂在泰国或者日本运转，就很难做到这一点。”

飞雪寒冰

A string of other international companies have also cautioned that their supply chains could be disrupted by the Japan quake, including Sony Ericsson, Volkswagen, Volvo and GKN, the UK car and aerospace components manufacturer. Japanese companies are racing to reopen their plants at home, but they need all of their suppliers to reopen too. Nissan said it would restart five plants today, but only to make parts rather than assemble cars. Its output will depend on the supply of components and a sixth plant in Fukushima prefecture, near the stricken Daiichi nuclear plant.
其他一些跨国公司也警告称，它们的供应链可能会受到日本地震干扰，其中包括索尼爱立信(Sony Ericsson)、大众汽车(Volkswagen)、沃尔沃(Volvo)，以及英国汽车和航天零部件制造商GKN。日本公司正积极地重开国内工厂，但它们需要自己所有的供应商也都重新开门才行。日产(Nissan)称，公司今日将重开5座工厂，但只生产零件，不组装整车。其产能将取决于零部件的供应和位于福岛县(Fukushima)的第六座工厂，这座工厂位置接近受损的福岛第一核电站。

For its study, Accenture surveyed executives at 287 manufacturing companies, most with headquarters in the US.
埃森哲的这份研究调查了287家制造业企业的高管，这些企业的总部多数位于美国。