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二） 逻辑关系题
1. 逻辑关系题题型举例
(43）There were also crablike creatures， whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs， one pair for walking on the sandy bottom， the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes， often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.
[E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forma are more complex， and among these are the sealilies， relations of the starfishes， which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed， or to rocks.
[F] When an animal dies， the body， its bones， or shell， may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud.If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud.More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.
题解：
该题的解题关键是注意also所表达的并列关系， 所以该题选E。
2. 逻辑关系题之因果条件题
（1） 因果条件题题型举例
Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several “TV dinners” are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals， consisting of meat， vegetables， and sometimes desert， all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. (44）
[A] Thus， as economists point out： “Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods， which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant.”
[B] They are among the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?
题解：
因果条件题是逻辑关系题中最常出现的一种类型。例如本题，根据段落意思， 可以判断44题是一道因果结论题， 所以选A。
（2） 表达因果关系的词汇衔接手段
表示因果关系的名词： basis （根据）， result， consequence， reason；
表示因果关系的动词： result in （结果）， result from （由于， 由……）， follow from （……结果）， base...on... （以……为基础）， be due to （由于）；
表示因果关系的连词或介词： because， since， for， as， therefore， so， thus， why， with；
表示因果关系的副词： as a result， consequently 等。
（3） 表达条件关系的词汇衔接手段
① 以when、if、as 等连词引导的条件从句；
② 文章中细节性的条件关系——通常由一些表示条件关系的词汇手段表达： 如 depend upon （取决于）， determine （决定）等。 |
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发表于 2006-9-16 11:20:04
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