英语作文

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介绍背景
1.        漫画来介绍背景
2.        图表来介绍背景
3.        图表类型介绍
4.        柱状图: bar chart, 饼状图 pie chart, 线性图 line chart, 表格 statistics，table
5.        所描述的图表可分为两大类型
静态图：pie chart
                As is vividly shown in the graph,
        the total … is divided into four parts.
        A makes up 34%
        51% stands for B
        9% refers to C
        6% is defined as D

1.        尽可能少的罗列数字
2.        over one third
3.        Nearly one tenth
4.        over a half
5.        The rest
6.        respectively
The total … is divided into four parts, with A, B, C and D making up % % % and % respectively.
学会抓住主要矛盾
The total … is divided into four parts, with A and B making up % totally.
总结:尽管图中的数字看起来是孤立存在的,但事实上他们是紧密相连的.
Isolated as the figures seem to be, as a matter of fact, they are connected to one another closely.  
看横轴;看纵轴                找到主要的变化        看标题
当图画中的数字过多时,要找出应有变化规律        避免句式重复
private car is playing an increasingly important role in people’s means of transportation.
如何找出相应的规律?
在图表中,存在几个变量,就有几个规律,即:
男女对比,年龄变化,已婚未婚三个规律.
上升: surge, climb to, rise, skyrocket, jump to, a steady rise, a steep increase
下降: plunge, decline, drop, fall, descend
程度: sharp, drastic, dramatic, intensive, remarkable, sustained, temporary
中国的人口比日本人口多。
The population of China is bigger than the population of Japan.
The population of China is bigger than that  of Japan.
According to the graph, the rise and fall of the rate of car accidents in Walton City varies with the seasons. From January to March last year it increased by 68%, from March to June it dropped by about half the previous rate; and from June to August there was a steep rise of 66.6%. After that, however, there was a steady decrease, and this makes us optimistic that car accidents are declining in Walton City
In recent years, the number of the candidates for the MA degree has increased drastically. According to a survey, the number in 1998 has reached 260,000, which is more than five times than that of 1995 when it was only 50,000 in all. Why do so many young people go on with their studies?
二  阐释原因
很明显，有很多复杂的原因导致这个现象的发生，而下面的是最有代表性的。
Obviously, a variety of complicated factors contribute to the phenomenon, with the following one being the foremost.
除了下面的原因，没有更好的了。
I can think of no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two.
为这样一个复杂的现象给出原因不是一个简单的事情。
It is no simple job to induce reasons for this complicated phenomenon.

大学生目前就业困难的原因
Some students are pursuing too high a goal when they are seeking for jobs.
Some students are pursuing too high a goal when seeking for jobs.
Some majors the students study on campus do not fit in with the demands of jobs.
拓展段落的方法(二)
关键词展开法:
将主题句中的关键词展开说明,如too high a goal
推导法:                推导带来何种结果
如专业不好的学生很难找到合适的工作
Some students are pursuing too high a goal when seeking for jobs.
They care about various factors such as salaries, working conditions and so forth,
which narrows their choices.
Some majors the students study on campus do not fit in with the demands of jobs.
Hardly can such students find favorable positions
考研人数为什么大幅度增加？
Some undergraduates want to have a better job after graduation. Since the jobs’ requirements are more rigid than ever before, a master’s degree holder will surely stand more chances to get such a position.
Other candidates, already with working experience , are eager to update their knowledge to satisfy the demanding jobs.
造成危害段落
Unfortunately, … has triggered a series of negative effects, with … being the foremost.
Quite regrettably, … has brought some unforeseeable problems, with … being foremost.
根据一项调查表明，…
如果这种问题继续下去，我们将付出昂贵的代价。
预测趋势
Predict, anticipate, expect
After considering all the information presented above, I, as most of others will do, safely draw the conclusion that …
否定转移的问题
后面接具体的原因
After all, it is an irreversible tendency.
        2002        2015        2050
数量（百万）        132        200        400
占总人口百分比        10％        14％        25％
From the table we can see that the number of senior citizens will increase from 132 million this year to 200 million in 2015, and then to 400 million in 2050. Accordingly, the percentage will rise from 10% to 14%, and then to 25%.
According to the standard of the United Nations, a society is defined as old when the senior citizens over 60 reach 10% of the whole population.
Consequently this table shows that our society，following many western countries, is stepping into the era of the so-called “aging society”.

The aging phenomenon will bring many unfavorable consequences, with health care of the elder generation being the foremost. With more and more members entering a senior age, the percentage of people in the main working force falls abruptly, thus gradually preventing the traditional social welfare system from functioning properly and effectively.
The transformation to a modern and more scientific system of social security, however, may take a relatively long period, bringing hope and pain at the same time.

For the old people themselves, apart from the irreversible decaying of health, mental hazards may constitute a more formidable problem—loss of sense of security, identity and confidence may accelerate the aging process.
Last but not least, aging poses an even greater threat to our country than to the developed world because we are aging before we become rich.

To battle the potential negative effects, several necessary steps should be taken: the chief task lies in taking care of the old people and helping them take care of themselves.
All the members in the society should join their hands in creating a favorable environment for the

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