英语翻译

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翻译技巧：句法翻译法

被动语态的翻译

一、译成汉语主动句
（一）        保存原文主语
The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.
会议定于四月六日举行。
Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.
水能从液体变成固体。
When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place.
当锈形成的时候，就发生了化学变化。
（二）        主宾颠倒
She was given a new pen by her father.
她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。
Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.
这种化学反应能放出热和光。
Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us.
现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。
Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country.
我国已将通讯卫星用于实况转播。
The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.
下一章提供了有关的数据资料。
（三）        增加主语
The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.
人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。
She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.
有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。
What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world.
我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿所做的事，却能改变世界。
二、译成汉语无主句
Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly.
已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。
Water can be shown as containing impurities.
可以证明，水含有杂质。
The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end.
必须全部停止这种讨厌的噪声。
三、译成汉语判断句
The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。
The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution.
手稿是在法国革命前几周寄往伦敦付印的。
The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.
美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
四、译成汉语被动句
使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为...所、由...来”等等。
The minister was found to have appropriated government money.
部长被发现挪用公款。
He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office.
他因拒绝接受总公司的命令而被解雇了。
The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street.
那名男生在穿过街道时让一辆小公共汽车撞倒了。
He was praised by his teacher.
他得到了老师的表扬。
Problems should be resolved in good time.
问题应及时加以解决。
For a long period to come, most of China’s elderly will continue to be provided for by their families.
在未来较长的一段时间里，中国的老年人仍旧要由家庭来赡养。
五、常用被动句型“It+被动语态+that”的翻译
It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject.
有人认为，生物气候学是一门复杂的学科。
It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.
有人强调说，科学的范畴可以分成两个主要领域：自然科学和社会科学。
It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation.
应该指出，这一过程就是氧化。
下面是一些常用被动句型的习惯译法：
It is hoped that... 希望，有人希望
It is assumed that... 假设，假定
It is claimed that...  据说，有人主张
It is believed that... 有人想信，大家相信
It is reported that... 据报道，据通报
It is considered that... 人们认为，据估计
It is said that... 据说，有人说
It is supposed that... 据推测，人们猜测
It has been announced that... 已经宣布
It is asserted that... 有人主张
It is rumored that... 有人主张
It is rumored that... 听说，谣传
It is noticed that... 有人指出，人们注意到
It is suggested that... 有人建议，建议
It is reputed that... 人们认为，可以认为
It is learned that... 据说，据闻，已经查明
It is demonstrated that... 据证实，已经证明
It is estimated that... 据估计，有人估计
It is estimated that... 有人指出，人们指出
It is pointed out that... 有人推荐，有人建议
It is proposed that... 有人提出
It was told that... 有人曾经说
It was first intended that... 最初就有这样的想法
It will be said that... 有人会说
It will be seen from this that... 由此可见，因此可知
It was noted above that... 前面已经指出
It must be admitted that... 必须承认，老实说
It has been illustrated that... 据图示，据说明
It is stressed that... 有人强调说
It is stressed that... 有人列举出了
It can not be denied that... 无可否认
It can be said without exaggeration that... 可以毫不夸张的说
It is sometimes asked that...人们有时会问
It was felt that... 有人认识到了
It is universally accepted that... 人们普遍认为
It is unanimously agreed that... 大家一致同意
It is alleged that... 据说
It is calculated that... 据计算
It has been proved that... 已经证明
It has been found that... 人们已经发现
It is still to be hoped that... 我们仍然希望
It is well-known that... 众所周知，大家都知道
It should be realized that... 我们应该认识到……





第十一讲
翻译技巧：句法翻译法

否定结构的翻译
一、部分否定
（一）all, both, every, everybody, everyday, everyone, many, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always, often等与否定词not搭配使用。常常翻译为“并非所有，并不是都。如：all…not（不全是，不都是），both…not（并非两个都，不是两者都），every…not（不是每个都），not always（不总是，不一定），not often(不经常)，not altogether（不全是），not necessarily（未必）等。
All that glitters is not gold.
并非所有发光的都是金子。
Both the windows are not open.
两扇窗户并不都是开着的。
Everybody does not believe the rumor.
并不是每个人都听信这个谣言的。
They are not always in the office on Sundays.
他们不一定每个星期天都在办公室。
The responsibility is not altogether mine.
责任并不全在于我身上。
The situation is not necessarily so.
情况并非如此。
（二）“all…not”和“every…not”等结构属于传统用法。现代英语中采用“Not all…”和“Not every…”这种表达形式。
Not all metals are good conductors.
并非所有的金属都是良导体。
Not everyone accepts his proposal.
并不是所有的人都接受他的建议。
二、全部否定
never（决不，从来不），no（没有，不），not（不，不是），none（没人，谁都不，没有任何东西），nobody（没人），nothing（什么也没有，没有任何事情），nowhere（没有什么地方），neither（两者都不），nor（也没有，也不），not at all （一点也不）。
He is no professor.
他根本不是教授。
None of my friends smoke.
我的朋友都不抽烟。
Our great motherland has never before been so prosperous as it is today.
我们伟大的祖国从来没有像今天这样繁荣昌盛。
Nothing in the world is difficult for the one who sets his mind to it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
Never have we been daunted by difficulties.

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