螳螂捕蝉黄雀在后

vita_yy · 发表于 2009-11-22 20:06:15

我们从小就熟知一句成语，叫做“螳螂捕蝉，黄鹊在后”。螳螂为了捕蝉而忘记自己成为黄鹊的猎物，所以千万不要为了利益而忘记危险。以下这段故事便是庄子里的一段寓言。寓意为：世间求利之人往往反受其害，即使如愿以偿，所付出的代价也可能太高，以致得不偿失。原文稍有不同，是“螳螂捕蝉，异鹊在后”。

【原文】
庄周游于雕陵之樊，睹一异鹊自南方来者，翼广七尺，目大运寸，感周之颡而集于栗林。庄周曰：“此何鸟哉，翼殷不逝，目大不睹？”
蹇裳躩步，执弹而留之。睹一蝉，方得美荫而忘其身，螳蜋执翳而搏之，见得而忘其形；异鹊从而利之，见利而忘其真。
庄周怵然曰：“噫！物固相累，二类相召也！”捐弹而反走，虞人逐而谇之。
庄周反入，三月不庭，蔺且从而问之：“夫子何为顷间甚不庭乎？”
庄周曰：“吾守形而忘身，观于浊水而迷于清渊。且吾闻诸夫子曰：‘入其俗，从其令’。今吾游于雕陵而忘吾身，异鹊感吾颡，游于栗林而忘真，栗林虞人以吾为戮，吾所以不庭也。”
〖出处〗战国•宋•庄周《庄子•山木》
【译文】：
庄子在雕陵栗树林里游玩，看见一只奇异的怪鹊从南方飞来，翅膀宽达七尺，眼睛大若一寸，碰着庄子的额头而停歇在果树林里。庄子说：“这是什么鸟呀，翅膀大却不能远飞，眼睛大视力却不敏锐？”于是提起衣裳快步上前，拿着弹弓静静地等待着时机。这时突然看见一只蝉，正在浓密的树荫里美美地休息而忘记了自身的安危；一只螳螂用树叶作隐蔽打算见机扑上去捕捉蝉，螳螂眼看即将得手而忘掉了自己形体的存在；那只怪鹊紧随其后认为那是极好的时机，眼看即将捕到螳螂而又丧失了自身的真性。庄子惊恐而警惕地说：“啊，世上的物类原本就是这样相互牵累、相互争夺的，因利害而一个招惹一个呀！”庄子于是扔掉弹弓转身快步而去，看守栗园的人大惑不解地在后面追着责问。
庄子返回家中，整整三天心情很不好。弟子蔺且跟随一旁问道：“先生为什么这几天来一直很不高兴呢？”庄子说：“我留意外物的形驱却忘记了自身的处境，看多了浊水反而对清水感觉迷惑。而且我从老聃老师那里听说：‘每到一个地方，就要遵从那里的习惯与禁忌。’如今我来到雕陵栗园游玩便忘却了自己还有身体，让怪鹊擦过我的额头，游玩于果林时又忘了自己是谁，管园的人理解我以为我进来偷栗子又进而侮辱我，因此我感到很不开心呀。

When Chuangtse was wandering in the part at Tiao-ling, he saw a stranger bird which came from the south. Its wings were seven feet across. Its eyes were an inch in circumstance. And it flew close past Chuantse’s head to alight in (落在) a chestnut grove.
“ What manner of bird is this?” cried Chutangtse. “ With strong wings it does not fly away. With large eyes it does not see.”
So he picked up his skirts and strode towards it with his crossbow（石弓，弩）, anxious to get a shot. Just then he saw a cicada enjoying itself in the shade, forgetful of all else. And he saw a mantis spring and seize it, forgetting in the act its own body, which the strange bird immediately pounced upon and made its prey. And this it was which had caused the bird to forget its own nature.
“Alas!” cried Chuangtse with a sigh, “ how creatures injure one another. Loss follows the pursuit of gain.”
So he laid aside his bow and went home, driven away by the park-keeper who wanted to know what business he had there.
For three months after this, CHangtse din not leave the house; and at length Lin Qie asked him, saying, “Master, how is it that you have not been out for so long?”
“ While keeping my physical frame,” replied Chuangtse, “ I lost sight of my real self. Gazing at muddy water, I lost sight of the clear abyss. Besides, I have learnt from the Master as follows:--- “ When you go into the world, follow its customs.” Now when I strolled into the park at Tiao-ling, I forgot my real self. That strange bird which flew close past me to the chestnut grove, forgot its nature. The keeper of the chestnut grove took me for a thief. Consequently I have not been out.”
（translated by Lin Yutang)

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