美国负责出口管制的助理商务部长Christopher A. Padilla在参议院的发言

阿让

主席Shelby（参议院金融、住房、城市事务委员会），参议员Sarbanes，委员会诸位：
我被总统提名为负责出口管制的助理商务部长，在此发言深感荣幸，我感谢布什总统和商务部长Gutierrez对我的信任，也感谢参议员和委员会在今天的听证会前先给我发言时间。如我就职，我将尽力建立我们的合作联系。最为重要的是，我想在此感谢我家人对我一如既往的支持和给我的勇气。
我原先的上司Bob Zoellick大使（美国贸易代表）经常说：“美国未来的安全和繁荣将依赖于我们如何应对四个核心问题：伊斯兰极端恐怖主义威胁、大规模杀伤性武器的扩散、中国的崛起、全球化环境下的经济和社会问题挑战。”
商务部工业安全局在此应对这四大问题上地位重要，工业安全局的首要任务是保护美国国家安全，防止敏感技术落入不该拥有这些技术的人之手，如我就职，这也是我的首要任务。
出口管制的关注点也在不断地演变。二十年前，出口管制只须针对国家就够了；但二十一世纪的今天要求我们能够针对特定用户。冷战时期，我们广泛管制对苏联和华约国家的贸易，而不考虑特定的用户。今天，布什总统说过：“我们国家面临的最大危险是极端主义与先进技术的联合。”为此，我们必须将出口管制针对特定的个人和团体，诸如恐怖分子和武器扩散者。
我们还需要对用户、难以掌控的最终用途、像中国这样的经济体进行甑别。对于中国，我们尽力鼓励合法民用产品贸易的和平发展，反对快速军事现代化带来的不确定因素。
为了使我们的管制适应于当今的要求，如我就职，我加强四个主要的出口管制体系。我还将努力寻求与其他国家的合作，如中国和俄罗斯，并强化他们国家的出口管制系统。有效的多边管制可以在提高竞争参与的同时保护我们的国家安全。但某些人在卖某些东西并不意味着我们也必须这样。在某些情形，美国可能会对自身实施管制，或出于对外政策的需要，或是作为寻求国际共识的起点。
技术是美国经济竞争力的关键。如我就职，我将确保工业安全局跟上新技术的发展趋势，监督国防工业基地，并对新出现的威胁保持警惕。我还将努力使我们的出口许可证制度和履行条约计划更透明高效。
对于上述重要的职责，我拥有二十年国际贸易领域的工作经验。在国务院，我从事有关中国、苏丹、朝鲜的出口管制工作。在私营公司，我知道他们是如何申请出口许可证的。在美国贸易代表办公室，我与国会联系密切，深感国会在管理对外贸易中的核心作用。
近几个星期，我有机会接触到工业安全局的人员。我深感他们的爱国精神、敬业精神和专业素养，希望在不久的将来能与他们共事。感谢给我在此发言的机会，感谢诸位考虑我的提名，我很乐意回答诸位的问题。



工业安全局（BIS）对敏感的美国产商品和技术进行管理，并在国内外执行管理规则，以此促进美国的国家安全、对外政策和经济利益。BIS还执行美国的反经济DIZHI法规，就出口和策略性贸易问题与其它国家合作并为它们提供协助。


Statement of
Christopher A. Padilla
Assistant Secretary of Commerce
for Export Administration-Designate
before the
Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
United States Senate
September 27, 2006
Chairman Shelby, Senator Sarbanes, and Members of the Committee:
I am deeply honored to appear before you as the President’s nominee to be Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Export Administration, and would like to thank President Bush and Secretary Gutierrez for the confidence and trust they have placed in me. I appreciate the time that Senators and your staff members have taken to meet with me prior to today’s hearing and, if confirmed, will work to build on that good cooperation. Most importantly, I would like to thank my family for their steadfast support and encouragement.

My former boss, Ambassador Bob Zoellick, often said that America’s future security and prosperity will depend on how we cope with four central questions: the threat of Islamic radical terrorism; the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; the growing power and influence of China; and the economic and social challenges of globalization.
The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) plays a vital role in each of these four areas. But the primary mission of BIS is to protect U.S. national security by denying sensitive technologies to those who shouldn’t have them, and this would be my primary mission if confirmed.
The focus of export controls continues to evolve. It was sufficient twenty years ago for controls to focus on countries; the 21st Century demands that we also be able to focus on customers. During the Cold War, sales were broadly restricted to the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, regardless of the customer. Today, as President Bush has said, “the gravest danger our Nation faces lies at the crossroads of radicalism and technology.” In response, we must target export controls increasingly against individuals and entities– such as terrorists and proliferators operating across borders or within countries.
We also need to differentiate among customers and end-uses in large and diverse economies like China, where we actively seek to encourage peaceful development and legitimate civilian trade, even as we hedge against the uncertainties created by a rapid military modernization.
To help focus our controls on today’s needs, if confirmed I would work to provide information to exporters regarding both trusted and suspect customers, to identify areas of trans-shipment concern, and to increase cooperation between BIS and the intelligence community.
To be most effective, export controls should be as multilateral as we can make them. If confirmed, I would work to support and strengthen the four major multilateral export control regimes. I would also seek to cooperate with other nations – such as China and Russia – to strengthen their national export control systems. Effective multilateral controls protect national security while leveling the competitive playing field. But just because someone else is selling something doesn’t automatically mean that we should, too. In some cases the United States may impose controls on its own, either for reasons of foreign policy or as a first step in building international consensus.
Technology is key to America’s economic competitiveness. If confirmed, I would work to ensure that BIS stays up-to-date with new technology trends, monitors our defense industrial base, and is alert to emerging threats. I would also seek to ensure that our licensing system and treaty compliance programs continue to be transparent and efficient.
To these important responsibilities I would bring nearly twenty years of experience in international trade. At the State Department, I worked on export control issues related to China, Sudan, and North Korea. From my days in the private sector, I know what it’s like to apply for an export license. During my years at USTR, I worked closely with Congress and appreciate its central role in regulating foreign trade.
In recent weeks I have had the opportunity to meet many of the people of BIS. I appreciate their patriotism, dedication, and professionalism, and hope to have the opportunity to work with them in the near future. Thank you for the opportunity to appear before you today, and for your prompt consideration of my nomination. I would be pleased to answer your questions.