温Jiabao：科学与中国现代化

haohao2046_2

现代化的历史本质上就是一个科学和技术进步的历史。 科学发现与技术创新带来了新的文明、现代化的工业和国家的兴衰。 中国目前正从事着在人类历史上前所未有的现代化建设。

    在过去的半个世纪里，中国在基础科学和技术创新上已经取得了巨大的成就。 至今中国在国际上每年所发表的论文和申请专利的数量，已跻身于几个顶尖国家之中。中国已经在诸如载人航天飞行、高性能计算机、超大规模集成电路以及第三代电信技术等领域里取得了举世瞩目的成就。高新技术取得了飞速的进展，它们在中国的制造工业中所占的比例超过了15％。

    英国十六世纪的哲学家弗朗西斯·培根把科学视作改善人类命运的一种手段。今天，由中国科学家所研制的杂交水稻品种已经广泛地被采用，已经在超过3百万公顷（1公顷=100公亩或2471英亩，合15市亩－译者注）的田地上耕种；成为满足中国自己粮食需要和增加世界谷类生产的一把“金钥匙”。在医疗方面的科学技术发展也提高了中国人民的平均期望寿命，使它达到了发达国家的水平。

    为了鼓励进一步的科学技术创新，中国政府已经制订了《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（2006－2020）》，这个计划强调发展基础科学和前沿技术的研究，优先考虑发展能源、水资源和环境保护。我们要努力发展具有独立知识产权的信息技术和新型材料，与此同时我们还要在农业、工业、人口控制、医疗等领域，加强生物技术的应用。

    中国科学技术的发展前景基本上取决于我们今天怎样去吸引、培养和使用年轻的科学研究人才。 因此， 我们科学技术政策的核心是广泛地吸收多种多样的人才，特别是年轻的人才加入我们的科学研究队伍中来，并为他们提供能使他们发挥最大创造力所需要的环境条件。

    在科学技术领域里， 我们将加强机构改革，调整科研结构，合理地分配公共资源来增强科研人员的创新能力。我们要提倡，在一个活跃的学术气氛下开展自由的学术争论。在科学研究中，要鼓励科研人员出于好奇心所进行的各种探索并允许失败。

    科学是没有国界的。中国在科学技术方面所作的努力需要同全世界的科学技术研究结合在一起；与此同时，世界也需要一个生气勃勃的、而且能够提供更多科技成果的中国。正如碰撞会产生火花，交流和沟通会充实科学家的想象力和创造性。现在，已经有很多的中国科学家步入了国际学术领域，在这些领域里他们正同他们的外国同事们相互学习，在全世界的科学技术的发展和进步**同做出贡献。

    为了鼓励在公众中学习和应用科学技术，我们需要在珍视中国原有的文化传统的同时，用增强科学理性来树立科学的文化。由于科学的启发，丰富悠久的中国文化必将闪耀出更为明亮的光芒。

    我坚定地相信，科学是一种根本性的革命。当今全球性的金融风暴正在重击着世界经济，依靠科学技术的进步来促进实体经济的增长就变得更为重要。因此，经济和社会的发展必需依靠科学技术，科学技术也必需为经济和社会发展服务。我们必需依靠科学技术来促进经济结构调整，来转变发展模式，来保障食物和能源的安全以及来解决全球性的气候变化等问题。我们坚信中国一定能取得科学技术方面的丰收，会对人类文明和幸福生活带来积极和深远的影响。

    作者：中华人民共和国国务院总理温Jiabao    本文英文本来源：《科学》 2008-10-31，译者王士杰为上海东华大学信息学院的教授，今年74岁，已退休

Science and China’s Modernization
    THE HISTORY OF MODERNIZATION IS IN ESSENCE A HISTORY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL progress. Scientific discovery and technological inventions have brought about new civilizations, modern industries, and the rise and fall of nations. China is now engaged in a modernization drive unprecedented in the history of humankind.

    Over the past half century, China has made great achievements in basic science and technological innovation. It now ranks among the top nations in the annual number of papers published internationally and patent applications filed. China has also made achievements in such areas as manned space flight, high-performance computers, super–large-scale integrated circuits, and third-generation telecommunications technology. High-tech industry has experienced rapid growth, accounting for over 15% of the manufacturing industry.

    Francis Bacon, the 16th-century English philosopher, referred to science as a means to improve humankind’s lot. Today, the hybrid rice variety developed by Chinese scientists has been adopted for planting in over three million hectares and has become a “golden key” to meeting China’s own food needs and boosting world cereal production. Scientific and technological development in the realm of health has also increased average life expectancy in China to that in developed countries.


    To encourage further innovation, the Chinese government has formulated a Mid- to Long-Term Plan for Development of Science and Technology (2006–2020), which highlights research in the basic sciences and frontier technologies, with priority given to energy, water resources, and environmental protection. We strive to develop independent intellectual property rights in areas of information technology and new materials, while strengthening the application of biotechnology to agriculture, industry, population, and health.

    The future of China’s science and technology depends fundamentally on how we attract, train, and use young scientific talents today. Thus, at the core of our science and technology policy is attracting a diverse range of talents, especially young people, into science and providing them with an environment that brings out the best of their creative ideas.

    In the field of science and technology, we will intensify institutional reform, restructure scientific research, rationally allocate public resources, and enhance innovation capability. We advocate free academic debate under a lively academic atmosphere, where curiosity-driven exploration is encouraged and failure tolerated.

    Science has no boundaries. China’s endeavors in science and technology need to be more integrated with those of the world, and the world needs a China that is vibrant and able to deliver more in science and technology. Just as collisions generate sparks, exchange and communication enrich imagination and creativity. Many Chinese scientists have stepped into the international academic arena, where they and their foreign colleagues learn from each other and jointly contribute to the worldwide development of science and technology.

    To encourage the learning and application of science among the general public, we need to embrace a scientific culture by promoting scientific rationality while cherishing Chinese cultural heritage. Enlightened by science, the rich and profound Chinese culture is bound to shine more gloriously.

    I firmly believe that science is the ultimate revolution. At a time when the current global financial turmoil is dealing a heavy blow to the world economy, it has become all the more important to rely on scientific and technological progress to promote growth in the real economy. Economic and social development must rely on science and technology, and science and technology must serve economic and social development. We will rely on science and technology to promote economic restructuring, transform development patterns, safeguard food and energy security, and address global climate change. We are confident that China will reap a rich harvest in science and technology and that this will have positive and far-reaching effects on human civilization and the well-being of humankind.

    Author: Wen Jiabao, the Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China    Source: Science 31 October 2008 322: 649
(转载本文请注明“中国选举与治理网”首发)