[转帖]2006考研英语讲座讲义

lingq2080 · 发表于 2005-11-25 22:12:40

一、考研英语词汇突破 1．记忆方法 1）背经典，记考研单词 Pens Small as it is, the pen has changed the course of history, shaped the destiny of nations, facilitated the commerce of peoples, imprisoned the elusive thoughts of man, recorded events, carried news, and done more work for mankind than all other tools or weapons. Progress without it would have been almost impossible. The invention of the wheel and screw, the introduction of steam-power, the use of electricity, all these have changed the lives of millions; but the pen has done more. It has removed mountains. It has prepared the way for all advancement. Whatever plans have been drawn up, whatever laws formulated, have come from the pen. Today the pen is more highly esteemed than ever. The typewriters clicking in every continent are the drudges, the pen is the aristocrat, governing all and giving the final flourish. 2）词汇学 spe_, spi_, spect_ spy espy espionage species specimen specious spectacle spectator specter spectrum speculate scope auspice conspicuous 3）词群记忆 weird odd queer eccentric bizarre abnormal outlandish spooky mysterious 4) Wordlist zzz zebra zigzag zinc zip zoology zone zoom zany 5）词义联想（内／外） prose – rose morose fountain – mountain moat – boat dope – hope carnival melancholy fair play head and shoulder s pathetic euthanasia together carnation taunt daunt gaunt haunt vaunt 2．词汇分类 1)望文生义而错的词 self-conscious virtual virtually eventually on pain of death practically pronounced apprehensive 2)易混词汇 illusion / delusion assent / ascent complement / compliment confident / confidential despaired / desperate discreet / discrete evoke / invoke excessive / exceeding / excess fatal / fateful former / formal humanity / humanities 3)熟词生义 approach abandon accommodate bachelor bore damages 4）搭配 exercise accommodate meet carry 二、考研英语翻译突破 1. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. 2. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. 3. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. 4. Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. 5. Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. 6. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed─and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 7. In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. 8. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. 9. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice. 10. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall”. 1. 希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。 2. 我们之所以感激他们（两位先驱），是因为在此之后，这些（土著）语言中有一些已经不复存在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。 3. 这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以至于有些学者甚至指责博厄斯和萨皮尔编造了数据。 4. 沃尔夫对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣，逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中，语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。 5. 沃尔夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其最极端的说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。 6．电视是制造（形成）和传播这种感觉（情绪）的媒介之一。在加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样起过如此大的作用。 7．与其他地方一样，欧洲的多媒体集团越来越成功：集团把相互关系密切的电视、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合（联系，联合）到了一起。 8．仅这一点就能表明在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这个事实通过统计数字也是一目了然，统计表明：在80家欧洲电视网中，1989年出现亏损的就不下50%（多达50%）。 9．创造一种尊重作为连接旧欧洲大陆的纽带的各种不同的文化和环境的“欧洲特征”并非易事。它要求做出战略性的选择。 10．在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说：“团结，我们就会站起来；***，我就会倒下去。 三、考研英语写作范文 Part A Dear Mr. Wang, Thank you very much for the opportunity and trust you gave me two months ago. But unfortunately and regrettably, I am now writing to tell you that I will quit the job. I know this might bring about some trouble to you, but I would like to let you know the reason. The job as editor of Designs and Fashions fails to provide me with so much chance of applying what I have learnt and does not carry such responsibility as I had expected. Also, two months has already passed, and I have not got the pay you promised me. Therefore, I have decided to quit and I hope you can understand. I apologize to you once again if my decision poses any inconvenience to you. Yours sincerely Liming Part B The picture above depicts a prevailing and discouraging phenomenon —— some old people are shunned and kicked around by their sons and daughters. We can see it clearly by looking at the picture: the helpless father’s sons and daughter are all guarding their home “gates” lest their old father “roll into” their households. Caustic, comic and simple as the pictures are, the idea signaled and implied by the cartoonist is clear and unmistakable: it is not morally and legally accepted to mistreat the elderly. This wicked practice should be discouraged and eradicated on every ground. First things first, it can be destructive to our society, which always emphasizes the importance of the tradition of respecting the old and looking after the young. Second, the elderly are our treasures not our problem, because they possess the greatest quantity of experiences and wisdom, which can be the most valuable to the development of society. Last but not least, the elderly have given all they have had to the development of the country, and a lot of them are still aging productively. Treating them well is probably the only way we repay them for what they have done for us. Sons and daughters should think of this. It is your father, who not only gave you life but also has supported you throughout your infancy, adolescence and even adulthood. Not only that, parents gave you the love and education you have needed when growing up. To sum up, we sons and daughters should treat our parents well, for the sake of a fine tradition , the wholesome development of our society and ourselves, for everyone turns old one day. 四、考研英语完型填空 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories ____1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior ___2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through ___3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in ____4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, ____5 as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ____6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes ____7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are ___8 to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly ___9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that____10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment __11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in___12 lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also _____13 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; ____14 , children are likely to have less supervision at home ___15 was common in the traditional family _____16 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other ____17 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased ____18 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing ____19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act , ____20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 1.[A] acting relying [C] centering [D] cementing 2.[A] before unless [C] until [D] because 3.[A] interactions assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation 4.[A] return reply [C] reference [D] response 5.[A] or but rather [C] but [D] or else 6.[A] considering ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding 7.[A] on in [C] for [D] with 8.[A] immune resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject 9.[A] affect reduce [C] check [D] reflect 10.[A] point lead [C] come [D] amount 11.[A] in general on average [C] by contrast [D] at length 12.[A] case short [C] turn [D] essence 13.[A] surv一、考研英语词汇突破 1．记忆方法 1）背经典，记考研单词 Pens Small as it is, the pen has changed the course of history, shaped the destiny of nations, facilitated the commerce of peoples, imprisoned the elusive thoughts of man, recorded events, carried news, and done more work for mankind than all other tools or weapons. Progress without it would have been almost impossible. The invention of the wheel and screw, the introduction of steam-power, the use of electricity, all these have changed the lives of millions; but the pen has done more. It has removed mountains. It has prepared the way for all advancement. Whatever plans have been drawn up, whatever laws formulated, have come from the pen. Today the pen is more highly esteemed than ever. The typewriters clicking in every continent are the drudges, the pen is the aristocrat, governing all and giving the final flourish. 2）词汇学 spe_, spi_, spect_ spy espy espionage species specimen specious spectacle spectator specter spectrum speculate scope auspice conspicuous 3）词群记忆 weird odd queer eccentric bizarre abnormal outlandish spooky mysterious 4) Wordlist zzz zebra zigzag zinc zip zoology zone zoom zany 5）词义联想（内／外） prose – rose morose fountain – mountain moat – boat dope – hope carnival melancholy fair play head and shoulder s pathetic euthanasia together carnation taunt daunt gaunt haunt vaunt 2．词汇分类 1)望文生义而错的词 self-conscious virtual virtually eventually on pain of death practically pronounced apprehensive 2)易混词汇 illusion / delusion assent / ascent complement / compliment confident / confidential despaired / desperate discreet / discrete evoke / invoke excessive / exceeding / excess fatal / fateful former / formal humanity / humanities 3)熟词生义 approach abandon accommodate bachelor bore damages 4）搭配 exercise accommodate meet carry 二、考研英语翻译突破 1. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. 2. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. 3. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. 4. Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. 5. Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. 6. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed─and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 7. In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. 8. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. 9. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice. 10. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall”. 1. 希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。 2. 我们之所以感激他们（两位先驱），是因为在此之后，这些（土著）语言中有一些已经不复存在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。 3. 这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以至于有些学者甚至指责博厄斯和萨皮尔编造了数据。 4. 沃尔夫对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣，逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中，语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。 5. 沃尔夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其最极端的说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。 6．电视是制造（形成）和传播这种感觉（情绪）的媒介之一。在加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样起过如此大的作用。 7．与其他地方一样，欧洲的多媒体集团越来越成功：集团把相互关系密切的电视、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合（联系，联合）到了一起。 8．仅这一点就能表明在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这个事实通过统计数字也是一目了然，统计表明：在80家欧洲电视网中，1989年出现亏损的就不下50%（多达50%）。 9．创造一种尊重作为连接旧欧洲大陆的纽带的各种不同的文化和环境的“欧洲特征”并非易事。它要求做出战略性的选择。 10．在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说：“团结，我们就会站起来；***，我就会倒下去。 三、考研英语写作范文 Part A Dear Mr. Wang, Thank you very much for the opportunity and trust you gave me two months ago. But unfortunately and regrettably, I am now writing to tell you that I will quit the job. I know this might bring about some trouble to you, but I would like to let you know the reason. The job as editor of Designs and Fashions fails to provide me with so much chance of applying what I have learnt and does not carry such responsibility as I had expected. Also, two months has already passed, and I have not got the pay you promised me. Therefore, I have decided to quit and I hope you can understand. I apologize to you once again if my decision poses any inconvenience to you. Yours sincerely Liming Part B The picture above depicts a prevailing and discouraging phenomenon —— some old people are shunned and kicked around by their sons and daughters. We can see it clearly by looking at the picture: the helpless father’s sons and daughter are all guarding their home “gates” lest their old father “roll into” their households. Caustic, comic and simple as the pictures are, the idea signaled and implied by the cartoonist is clear and unmistakable: it is not morally and legally accepted to mistreat the elderly. This wicked practice should be discouraged and eradicated on every ground. First things first, it can be destructive to our society, which always emphasizes the importance of the tradition of respecting the old and looking after the young. Second, the elderly are our treasures not our problem, because they possess the greatest quantity of experiences and wisdom, which can be the most valuable to the development of society. Last but not least, the elderly have given all they have had to the development of the country, and a lot of them are still aging productively. Treating them well is probably the only way we repay them for what they have done for us. Sons and daughters should think of this. It is your father, who not only gave you life but also has supported you throughout your infancy, adolescence and even adulthood. Not only that, parents gave you the love and education you have needed when growing up. To sum up, we sons and daughters should treat our parents well, for the sake of a fine tradition , the wholesome development of our society and ourselves, for everyone turns old one day. 四、考研英语完型填空 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories ____1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior ___2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through ___3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in ____4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, ____5 as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ____6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes ____7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are ___8 to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly ___9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that____10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment __11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in___12 lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also _____13 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; ____14 , children are likely to have less supervision at home ___15 was common in the traditional family _____16 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other ____17 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased ____18 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing ____19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act , ____20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 1.[A] acting relying [C] centering [D] cementing 2.[A] before unless [C] until [D] because 3.[A] interactions assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation 4.[A] return reply [C] reference [D] response 5.[A] or but rather [C] but [D] or else 6.[A] considering ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding 7.[A] on in [C] for [D] with 8.[A] immune resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject 9.[A] affect reduce [C] check [D] reflect 10.[A] point lead [C] come [D] amount 11.[A] in general on average [C] by contrast [D] at length 12.[A] case short [C] turn [D] essence 13.[A] survived noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced 14.[A] contrarily consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously 15.[A] than that [C] which [D] as 16.[A] system structure [C] concept [D] heritage 17.[A] assessable identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible 18.[A] expense restriction [C] allocation [D] availability 19.[A] incidence awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity 20.[A] provided since [C] although [D] supposing ived noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced 14.[A] contrarily consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously 15.[A] than that [C] which [D] as 16.[A] system structure [C] concept [D] heritage 17.[A] assessable identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible 18.[A] expense restriction [C] allocation [D] availability 19.[A] incidence awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity 20.[A] provided since [C] although [D] supposing 

东逝水 · 发表于 2005-11-27 14:55:28

谢谢楼上的了!

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[转帖]2006考研英语讲座讲义

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