考博英语之词类转译点滴

嘎嘣脆

       
       
词类转译点滴
自学英语者在英译汉的过程中，常常会死搬硬套，过份注意词性，英语中名词，汉译时也一定是名词，英 语中动词，汉译时也一定是动词。因此译成的中文就 很别扭，不符合汉语的习惯。
Eg. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
如果译为：火箭已经发现为探索宇宙的应用。就很别扭。 这句应该译为：火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
Eg. Talking with his son，the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong things．
如果译为：和儿子谈话时，老人是年轻人过去做错事的原谅者，也不通顺。应该译成：在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去做的错事。
两例句中的application和forgiver都是名词，但汉译时，都译成了动词，这样句子就很通顺。所以英语中不少词类在汉译时，都可以转译。下面谈谈汉译成动词的几种情况。
一. 名词转译成动词
(1)．派生名词转译成动词
Eg. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.  读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。
Eg. Alloy steels are formed by the addition of one or more of the following elements；nickel，tungsten，silicon and small amounts of other elements.
加进下列一种或几种元素可制成各种合金钢、镍、钨、硅和少量别的合金元素。
(2) 动作名词转译成动词
Eg. All the thought of the mishap his legs stiffened under him and couldn't move a step further.
他一想到这场灾难，两腿就像有千斤重，再也挪不动一步了。
Eg. After an impatient oath or two，she got her hair away from her eyes，sufficiently to obtain a sight of him.
她不耐烦地咒骂了一两声，把头发从眼睛上拨开，才看到了他。
(3) 动词加后缀er(or)构成的名词转译成动词
Eg. He is no smoker，but his father is a chain-smoker.  他不抽烟，但他爸爸却一支又一支不停地抽。
Eg. She is a lover of Chinese painting.                 她热爱中国画。
(4) 前面有一个较固定的动词，两者合成一个短语的名词转译成动词。
Eg. He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.          他在讲演中曾提到过这件事。
Eg. She had high praise for Dr．Higpan，although she complained about his strictness.
她高度赞扬了西格潘医生，但抱怨他过于严格。
二. 形容词转译成动词
Eg. Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.   医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
Eg. The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint，but I had to be cautious.
她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示，但我必须小心谨慎。
三、副词转译成动词
Eg. As he ran out，he forgot to have his shoes on.   他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。
Eg. Mr．Nixon has said repeatedly that American war in Indochina would soon be over.
尼克松先生屡次声称，美国在印度支那那场战争即将结束。
Eg. That day he was up before sunrise.        那天他日出前就起床了。
Eg. She opened the window to let air in.       她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。
四. 前置词转译成动词
Eg. Party officials worked long hours on meagre food，in cold caves，by dim-lamps.
党的干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。
Eg. I barreled straight ahead，across the harbour，and out over the sea.
我笔直地向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。
以上是我们在汉译过程中常见的词类转译成动词的几种情况，仅供自学者参考。