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1997 Passage 1
parliamentary (议会的,国会的)←parliament+ary。A parliament is nothing less than a big meeting of more or less idle people.议会无非是多少有些懒散的人们的一个大聚会。parliament — the longest running farce in the West End 议会——伦敦西区连续演出时间最长的闹剧。
incurably (不可治地)即in+cur+ably,in-否定前缀,cur词根“治疗”,-ably可……地;形容词形式为incurable←in+cur+able。a incurably disease 不治之症。
bulletin (布告)可看作bullet+in,“留有弹痕的布告”,如图(偶用PS做的 ):
euthanasia (安乐死)看作eu+than+asia,eu谐音“已有”,than比,asia亚洲,“安乐死在亚洲之外的地方已有了”。euthanasia — ①a way of putting old people out of their family's misery ②never having to tell your parents you're sorry 安乐死——①将老人从家庭的痛苦中解脱出来 ②绝对不必向父母道歉。
domino (多米诺骨牌)用谐音记。
diagnose (v.诊断)←diag+nose,diag看作dog(元音替换),nose鼻子,“狗鼻子”→闻(联想中医之“望闻问切”)→诊断。
certificate (证书)即certif(y)+ic+ate,certify证明,-ic形容词后缀,-ate作名词后缀表“物”,于是“具证明性质的东西”→证书。I must discard riches, the certificate of slavery.我必须抛弃财富这张奴隶证书。
objection (反对)即ob+ject+ion,ob-前缀“朝向”,ject词根“投掷”,-ion名词后缀,“向别人扔东西”→反对。同根词:reject→re(=back)+ject→扔回去→拒绝;inject→in+ject→向里扔→注入。All poets pretend to write for immortality, but he whole tribe have no objection to present pay and present praise.所有诗人都自称是为不巧的名声而写作,可这些家伙对眼前的稿酬与眼前的赞扬却全无异议。
sink in 被了解;cool off 使冷静。
1997 Passage 2
courteous (有礼貌的)即court+eous,court看作单词“宫廷”,-eous形容词后缀,“宫廷的”→有礼貌的。
observation (观察;pl.观察后的言论)←observe观察+ation。God creates by intuition; man creates by inspiration, strengthened by observation.上帝凭着直觉创造,人类凭着由观察加强的灵感创造。
deserve (v.应受,值得)与desert一起记,“沙漠是应该受到重视的”。It is better to deserve honors and not to have them than to have them and not deserve them.理应拥有荣誉而不拥有它们胜过拥有荣誉而不应拥有它们。
charitable (仁慈的)即charit(y)+able,charity仁慈,-able形容词后缀。A bone to the dog is not charity. Charity is the bone shared with the dog, when you are just as hungry as the dog.给狗一根骨头算不上仁慈,仁慈是在你跟狗一样饥饿时与狗分享的骨头。charity — ①giving someone the washing machine it wasn't worth having mended ②the only thing that can persuade us to get rid of old clothes and shoes 慈善——①将已经不值得修理的洗衣机送给别人 ②唯一能够说服我们清除破旧衣鞋的理由。
assumption (假定;承担;呈现)是assume的名词形式;参consumption,2002年Text 3。assumption — the mother of screw-up 臆断——把事情弄糟的根源。
interrelationship (相互关系)即inter+relation+ship,inter-相互,relation关系,-ship抽象名词后缀。
encounter (v.n.遭遇)即en+counter,en-使,counter对面,“使面对面”→遭遇。If we encountered a man of rare intellect, we should ask him what books he read.若遇到才智非凡的人,就应该问他读的是哪些书。
individual (个别的;个体)即in+divid+ual,in-否定前缀,divid词根“分”,-ual后缀,“不可再分的”→个别的。同根词:divide(v.分配;除);subdivide→sub在下+divide→“在下面分”→再分。The worth of a state, in the long run, is the worth of the individuals composing it.归根结底,国家的价值就是组成它的个人的价值。In science, the total absorption of the individual event in the generalization is the goal; on the other hand, the humanities are concerned rather with providing for the special meaning of the individual event within an appropriate general system.自然科学以在归纳中全部吸收个别情况为目标,人文科学则更关心在适当的一般性体系之内提供个别情况的特殊意义。individual — a multitude of one million divided by one million 个人——一百万除一百万所得的人数。
exclusively (专有地;排外地)是exclude(v.除外)的副词形式。Freedom is always and exclusively freedom for the one who thinks differently.对于独立思考的人,自由永远是也只能是自由。
entertain (v.招待;使快乐)即enter+tain,enter-(=inter),tain词根“容纳”,于是“使容纳进来”→招待→使快乐。同根词:contain→con+tain→“一起容纳”→容纳。Some women seem to be able to entertain everybody but their husband.有些女人似乎能够使任何人愉快,自己的丈夫除外。
1997 Passage 3
substance (物质;实质;财产)←sub在下面+st(=stand)+ance名词后缀;参substantial,2003年Text 3。Man can survive only when he has the substance; man can live only when he has ideal.人有了物质才能生存,有了理想才能生活。
addict (使成瘾;成瘾者)即ad+dict,ad-加强前缀,dict词根“说”(参contradictory,2001年Passage 3),“欲罢不能地说某事”→成瘾。
名词形式为addiction (成瘾)←ad+dict+ion。Every form of addiction is bad, no matter whether the narcotic be alcohol or morphine or idealism.任何形式的瘾都是不好的,无论上瘾的是酒精、吗啡还是唯心主义。
psychologist (心理学家)←psycholog(y)+ist,psychology心理学(见2001年Passage 1),-ist后缀表“人”。psychologist — a man who, when a beautiful girl walks into room, watches other men's reactions 心理学家——当一个漂亮女孩走进房间时,那个观察其他人反应的人。
cocaine (可卡因)即coca+ine,coca古柯(一种药用植物),-ine医药化学名词后缀“生物碱”,故cocaine也译作“古柯碱”。另一种植物cocoa(可可)与coca音形近似,勿混。cocaine — God's way of saying you're making too much money 可卡因——上帝的一种说法,意思是“你赚的钱太多了”。
pervasive (普遍的)是pervade(v.遍及)的形容词形式,pervade即per+vade,per-(=through),vade词根“走”(约等于wade,因v与w形近可替换),“到处都走遍的”→遍及的。同根词:invade→in+vade→“未经允许走进来”→入侵;形容词形式为invasive(侵略的)。
sociable (社交的)←soci社会+able形容词后缀。
negative (否定的,消极的)←neg否定前缀+ative形容词后缀;参neglect(忽略),1999年Passage 5。Eternity is a negative idea clothed with a positive name.永恒是一个冠以肯定名称的否定概念。
poisoning (n.中毒;毒害)←poison+ing,poison(v.n.毒害n.毒药),-ing后缀;
poisonous (有毒的)←poison+ous形容词后缀。Suspicion is the poison of friendship.怀疑是毒害友谊的毒药。When your soul experiences thirst, it needs water to quench it, no matter the water is poisonous or not.心灵感到干渴时需要水来止渴,无论这水是否有毒。What's your poison?想喝点什么酒?←此为固定用法。
distortion (扭曲;曲解)即dis+tort+ion,dis-“分离”,tort词根“扭曲”,-ion名词后缀,“使扭曲以离开原来状态”→曲解;动词为distort←dis+tort。同根词:torture(v.n.拷问;折磨)←tort+ure后缀,“使身体扭曲的一种行为”。Get your facts first, and then you can distort them as you please.首先要掌握事实,然后你可以随意歪曲它们。
tolerance (宽容)←toler+ance;参tolerant(宽容的),2000年Passage 4。The only tolerance in the world, the only tolerance that earns the name, is that toward intolerance.世间唯一的宽容,唯一名副其实的宽容,是对不宽容的宽容。tolerance — ①the ability to love people when they don't deserve it ②the positive and cordial effort to understand another's beliefs, practices, and habits without sharing or accepting them ③another name of indifference 宽容——①爱那些不值得爱的人的本领 ②积极、真诚地理解别人的信仰、行为和习惯,虽然并不同意或接受它们 ③冷漠的另一个名称。
symptom (症状)可看作sym+ptom,sym-共同,ptom谐音“怕疼”,共同(sym)的症状(symptom)是怕疼(ptom)。The first symptom of true love in a man is timidity, in a girl it is boldness.真正的爱情的首要征候,在男子是胆怯,在女子是大胆。
psychoactive (药物等对心理起作用的)即psycho+active,psycho词根“心理”(参psychology,2001年Passage 1),active“起作用的”。
stimulant (刺激物;兴奋剂)←stimul刺激+ant物;源自stimulate(刺激;激励)←stimul+ate动词后缀。I lived in solitude in the country and noticed how the monotony of a quiet life stimulates the creative mind.我独居乡间,注意到平静生活的单调是如何地激发着创造力。
depressant (抑制剂;镇静剂)←depress+ant物。参depression,2003年Text 4。Some actors think they are elevating the stage when they're merely depressing the audience.当一些演员不过是在败坏观众情绪的时候,他们还以为自己在提高着戏剧艺术。
hallucinogen (致幻剂)看作hallucin+o+gen,hallucin谐音“喝露性”,-o-连接字母,-gen后缀“致……之物”(参hydroelectric,1998年Passage 1),“喝下去会使人露出本性的东西”;
hallucination (幻觉)←hallucin+ation。
psychedelic (致幻的;致幻剂)看作psyche+del+ic,psyche=psycho精神(e与o都可视为连接字母),del即DOC命令“删除”,-ic后缀,“能把精神删除的”→致幻的→致幻剂
1997 Passage 4
corrupt (腐败的v.贿赂)即cor+rupt,cor-一起,rupt词根“打破”,“全部被糖衣炮弹打破了”。同根词:bankrupt→bank银行+rupt→破产的;interrupt→inter+rupt→打断。Heaven is above all yet: there sits a judge that no king can corrupt.苍天高于所有的人:那里坐着一位法官,任何国王都无法贿赂。
responsibility (责任;职责)是responsible(见2001年Passage 2)的名词形式。A democracy in which everybody had an equal responsibility in everything would be oppressive for the conscientious and licentious for the rest.所有的人对所有的事都负有同等义务的民主,对勤恳负责的人是重负,对其余的人是放纵。responsibility — the price every man must pay for freedom 责任——每个人都必须为自由而付出的代价。
property (财产;性质)←proper固有的+ty名词后缀;参proper,1998年Passage 1。Property has its duties as well as its rights.财产既有权力也有义务。Regrets are the natural property of grey hairs.懊悔是老年人的天性。
impatiently (不耐烦地)即im+patient+ly,im-否定前缀,patient耐心的,-ly副词后缀;去ly即为形容词impatient。The ear tends to be lazy, craves the familiar and is shocked by the unexpected; the eye, on the other hand, tends to be impatient, craves the novel and is bored by repetition.耳朵往往偷懒,渴望熟悉的东西,为意料之外的事情而震惊;眼睛则偏于急躁,渴望新奇的东西,由于重复而生厌。
latitude (纬度;言行的自由度)即lati+tude,lati-(=lateral),-tude名词后缀。Nothing makes the earth seem so spacious as to have friends at a distance; they make latitudes and longitudes.没有什么比得上有朋在远方更使地球显得如此巨大,他们构成了纬度和经度。
irritate (v.激怒),名词形式为irritation,与irrigation(1998年Passage 1)一字母之差。An epigram is a half-truth so stated as to irritate the person who believes the other half.警句是一半的真理,只讲一半以便激怒相信另一半的人。
compromise (v.n.妥协;折中)即com+promise,com-一起,promise答应,“对别人的要求全部答应”→妥协;“对各方的要求一起答应”→折中。All life is essentially the contributions that come form compromise.整个人生基本上是妥协的结果。compromise — ①the art of dividing a cake so that everybody believes he or she got the biggest piece ②simply changing the question to fit the answer ③the most honest way to dissatisfy both parties 折中——①将一个蛋糕分开,让每个人都相信自己分得的一块最大的艺术 ②简单地改变一下问题,使之适合于答案 ③使双方都不满意的最可靠办法。 |
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