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发表于 2005-11-30 19:44:16
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<STRONG>amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand</STRONG>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>amplify</FONT> v.扩大,增加,尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大;补充叙述(故事、事件等)。<BR> We must ask you to amplify your statement.我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>enlarge</FONT> v.扩大,多指具体物品如相片的放大。<BR> enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house扩建房屋</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>stretch</FONT> v. (有弹性地)伸展,延伸,并有可能超过限度;伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。<BR> The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。<BR> Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早间工作之后,职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>magnify</FONT> v.放大,指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。<BR> His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>reinforce</FONT> v.增援,加固。<BR><BR> <FONT color=#0000ff>expand</FONT> v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大,也可以指内容或细节的充实。<BR> The balloon expanded, then exploded.气球先是膨胀,然后就爆破了。</P>
<P> <STRONG>anger, fury, indignation, resentment<BR></STRONG> 这一组名词都有"愤怒、生气"的意思。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>anger</FONT> n.气愤,生气,是一般用语。<BR> After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.争吵之后,他一拳打在那个人的脸上以发泄怒气。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>fury</FONT> n.暴怒,大怒,程度较anger要强。<BR><BR> <FONT color=#0000ff>indignation</FONT> n.义愤,尤其指出于道义上的激愤。<BR> general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>resentment</FONT> n.愤恨,怨恨,不满,是正式用语,尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到伤害后而产生的愤慨。<BR> There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工资降低后,办公室里怨声载道。</P>
<P> <STRONG>apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct<BR></STRONG> 这一组形容词都有"明显的"之意。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>apparent</FONT> a.明显的,显而易见的,尤其指容易观察到或认识到的事物。<BR> He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高兴,显然他现在想走了。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>evident</FONT> a.明白的,明显的,与apparent基本同意,多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。<BR> It is evident that he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.显然他是有罪的,在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>manifest</FONT> a.清楚的,明显的,多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义,常作表语。<BR> Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出众,但长相并不动人。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>obvious</FONT> a.明显的,显而易见的,含有无可辩白,不需证明之意。<BR> It is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很显然,那个妇女酒喝的太多了。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>distinct</FONT> a.清楚的,明显的;不同的,独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。<BR> Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转。</P>
<P> <STRONG>applaud, clap, commend, praise</STRONG></P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>applaud</FONT> v.鼓掌,赞扬,指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许,大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。<BR> The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作,对我的努力表示赞许。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>clap</FONT> v.拍打,其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能说applaud one's hands。<BR> clap sb.为某人鼓掌,clap sth.拍打某物</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>commend</FONT> v.为正式用词,用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖,通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。<BR> The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>praise</FONT> v.为一般用词,用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕;赞颂,赞美。<BR> A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。<BR> Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。</P>
<P> <STRONG>area, district, region, vicinity, zone</STRONG><BR> 这一组名词都有"区域"的意思。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>area</FONT> n.泛指面积较大的地区;面积;专业领域。<BR> The New York area has high rents.纽约地区房租很高。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>district</FONT> n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng district北京西城区</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>region</FONT> n.行政区划上更大的地区,如"自治区";身体部位。<BR> The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>vicinity</FONT> n.周围地区,附近地区。<BR> The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.警察都十分警惕因为逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地区。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>zone</FONT> n.指特定的地方、地带。<BR> The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通过法律,在一些空地上开辟商业区。</P>
<P> <STRONG>assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium<BR></STRONG> 这一组名词都表示"会议"的意思。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>assembly</FONT> n.集合,*会。<BR> The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行*会。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>conference</FONT> n. (专门性的)会议,讨论会。<BR> The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.关于世界经济问题的会议在日内瓦召开。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>congress</FONT> n.代表大会,(美国的)国会。<BR> Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美国国会通过的法律,人民一定要遵守。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>rally</FONT> n. (鼓舞士气的)*会;群众性*会。<BR> The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教练召开了一个动员会,以便鼓舞士气打好下次比赛。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>seminar</FONT> n. (大学的)研究班,研讨会。<BR> During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里,一些教师在学院里参加研究班。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>session</FONT> n. (一届)会议,回合。<BR> the autumn session of Parliament议会的秋季会议</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>summit</FONT> n.最高级会议,峰会(通常为领导人参加)。<BR> Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年将在维也纳举行最高级会谈。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>symposium</FONT> n. (学术、科研方面的)座谈会,专题报告会。<BR> The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研讨会持续了两天。</P>
<P> <STRONG>assessment, estimate, evaluation<BR></STRONG> 这一组名词都有"评估"的意思。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>assessment</FONT> n.评估,估价,常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。<BR> We have a low assessment on our property.我们对我们的资产评估很低。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>estimate</FONT> n.估计,强调进行评估得出的结果,常与动词give搭配。<BR> The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是200或300美元。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>evaluation</FONT> n. (对于能力,价值、工作业绩的)评价,估价,常带有肯定的、正确的含义。<BR> He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极的评价。<BR><BR> [Page:2 ]<BR> <STRONG>associate, ally, combine, unite</STRONG><BR> 这一组词都有"联合"的意思。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>associate</FONT> v.交往,结交;联系,联想。多指平等友好的合作,后接with,表示与某人交往或合作,后接in表示在某个方面合作。<BR> We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里,我们同邻居交往。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>ally</FONT> v.使结盟,使联姻,多与with搭配。<BR> Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>combine</FONT> v.联合,化合,混合,多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。<BR> The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>unite</FONT> v.联合,合并,团结,尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体,强调结果的一致性。<BR> The nation united against its enemy.国民团结一致共同对敌。</P>
<P> <STRONG>average, common, general, universal, usual<BR></STRONG> 这一组形容词都有"普通"的意思。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>average</FONT> a.普通的,一般的,它强调的是一般水准或普通水准;通常在有数字出现的情况下,表示"平均的"。<BR> The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.跑步者15分钟内平均跑两英里。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>common</FONT> a.常见的,普通的,不足为奇的,有时引申为"平凡的",强调事物的共同性。另外,它还有"公共的,共同的"之意。<BR> Car accidents are a common occurrence.交通事故是很普通的事件。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>general</FONT> a.普通的,一般的,表示涉及到各方面,强调整体性而非个别和例外,该词的反义词为particular。<BR> In general, the economy is doing well now.总的来说,现在的经济形式还不错。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>universal</FONT> a.普遍的,比general语气更强,有"全然没有例外"的意思。<BR> Poverty is a universal problem all over the world.贫困是世界各地普遍存在的问题。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>usual</FONT> a.通常的,惯常的,强调"习惯性的,符合规章制度的",是个一般用语。</P>
<P> <STRONG>award, reward</STRONG></P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>award</FONT> v.指正式地或官方地颁发,授予,给予;也可以指法庭裁决给予。后面可跟双宾语。<BR> The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>reward</FONT> v.酬劳,奖赏,回报,通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢,其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。后跟with用来说明以何物作为报酬。<BR> I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我将出50美元,酬谢帮我找回丢失的狗的人。</P>
<P> <STRONG>aware, conscious</STRONG></P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>aware</FONT> a.知道的,意识到的,强调感官对外界事物的意识。<BR> He was aware of his mistake.他意识到自己的错误。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>conscious</FONT> a.有意识的,意识到的,一般指内心所意识到的。<BR> The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.销售员意识到他必须增加销售量。</P>
<P> <STRONG>base, foundation, ground</STRONG><BR> 这一组名词都有"基础"的意思。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>base</FONT> n.指具体的有形的基础,也可指物体的底部、基部;基地,总部。<BR> They use their apartment in New York as a home base from which they travel frequently.他们把纽约的公寓作为他们频繁出行的大本营。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>foundation</FONT> n.本义指建筑物的地基,含有坚实的基础的意思;基金会。<BR> The foundation for our house is made of cement.我们房子的地基是水泥打下的。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>ground</FONT> n.地面,土地,也指地域,水底,海底。</P>
<P> <STRONG>basic, elementary, fundamental</STRONG></P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>basic</FONT> a.基本的,基础的,既可用于具体事物,也可用于抽象事物。<BR> He has a basic understanding of the problem.他对问题有基本的了解。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>elementary</FONT> a.初步的,初级的。elementary school小学</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>fundamental</FONT> a.根本性的,一般只用于抽象的事物;必要的,必须的。<BR> Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。</P>
<P> <STRONG>beam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneer<BR></STRONG> 这一组都有"笑"的意思,而它们之间的差别也是明显的。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>beam</FONT> v.本义指照耀,放光,引申为"微笑",是正式用语,指面带喜悦或笑容,暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。<BR> She beamed with happiness.她高兴得眉开眼笑。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>chuckle</FONT> v. (书面语)吃吃的笑,抿嘴笑,轻声笑,多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。<BR> She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.她没有笑出声来,只是抿嘴而笑。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>giggle</FONT> v.咯咯地笑,痴笑,傻笑,多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。<BR> The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时,女生们都咯咯地笑起来。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>grin</FONT> v.露齿而笑,指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。<BR> He grinned at his mother.他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>jeer</FONT> v.讥笑,嘲笑,其同义词是mock。<BR> The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.当那个拳手被人DADAO时,人群开始嘲笑他。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>laugh</FONT> v.笑,大笑,用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>roar</FONT> v.怒吼,咆哮,引申为放声大笑,哄堂大笑。<BR> He roared when he heard the joke.听完这个笑话,他哈哈大笑。</P>
<P> <FONT color=#0000ff>sneer</FONT> v.冷笑,嘲笑,指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。<BR> He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.他对报价嗤之以鼻,说它太低了。</P> |
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