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3、倒装结构
英语中的倒装结构分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。
◆老师进来后开始上课。
In came the teacher and the class began.
部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。
◆我们没有预料到他完成工作这么快。
Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly.
在倒装结构的考查上,主要注意以下几点:
1)下列否定词及含有否定意义的词组若置于句首,句子的主谓要部分倒装:never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, in no sense, by no means, under no circumstance。
◆直到昨天他才改变了主意。
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.
2)以only修饰状语(副词,介词短语,状语从句)开头的句子,句子的主谓要部分倒装: only then, only at that time, only once, only in this way, only with, only through, only by, only when, only after, only because。
◆只有当你获得了足够的资料,你才能得出令人信服的结论。
Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a convincing conclusion.
3)neither和nor“也不”,表示对前一句否定句的赞同,所在句子使用部分倒装。
◆我还没有读完那本法语书,他也没有。
I didn’t finish reading that French book, neither did he.
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