2008年硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

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Section Ⅰ Use of English
　　Directions：
　　Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
　　The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused Much controversy when it was first suggested.
　　5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.
　　This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a （an） 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.
　　1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased
　　2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare
　　3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against
　　4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately
　　5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence
　　6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk
　　7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects
　　8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question
　　9. [A] attaining [B] common [C] mean [D] calculating
　　10.[A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total
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　　11.[A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately [C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably
　　12.[A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers
　　13.[A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve
　　14.[A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile
　　15.[A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down
　　16.[A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing
　　17.[A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D]instrument
　　18.[A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined
　　19.[A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed
　　20.[A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuous
  
　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
　　Part A
　　Directions:
　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）
　　Text 1
　　While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men, according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York''s Veteran''s Administration Hospital.
　　Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries （the female reproductive organs） removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
　　Adding to a woman''s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased opportunities for stress. It''s not necessarily that women don''t cope as well. It''s just that they have so much more to cope with, says Dr. Yehuda. Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men''s, she observes, It''s just that they''re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.
　　Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.
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