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考博英语重点语法总结与练习(20)

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发表于 2012-12-16 13:40:21 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
  1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如:
  I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。
  (注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:
  It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。
  2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词’s+动名词。例如:
  Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。
  He dislikes his wife’s working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
  3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等
  It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。
  间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。
  It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。
  7.非谓语动词中的有关句型
  (1)动名词作主语的句型
  1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
  2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
  It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
  It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。
  It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。
  3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth.
  It is useless speaking.光说没用。
  It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。
  It is good Playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。
  It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。
  4)There is no + doing...(there is no 表“不可能”)
  There is no telling what he is going to do.说出他要干什么是不可能的。
  There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。
  5)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性)
  There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶洒了,哭也无用。
  6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing
  have作有解时,后接情感名词(in可省略),再接动名词。这类词还有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time.
  例如:We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan.我们执行计划有困难。
  7)feel like + 名词 感觉像动名词 “ 想要” =would like to +原形动词
  I feel like a newborn baby.我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。
  Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?
  I don’t feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想读书。
  8) spend/waste time doing sth.
  They spent a lot time (in) making preparations.他们花了许多时间作准备。
  9)在require后只能用动名词,不能用不定式,尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。
  This problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。
  10)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么)
  I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser.
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