博士论文写作套路笔记总结

dulidiyijun

作套路  
议论文三要素
论点、论据、论证
考试类型有三类：
一、 表明观点型
直接表明观点
在两个观点中选择一个进行表达
二、 比较分析型
比较两个立场之后确定自己的立场
三、 原因/结果型
讨论某一现象的根源或者其后果
真题分析：
表明观点：
97/Explain the roles that scientists  
play in society.
2002.3/With her entry into the WTO, China  
is being plunged into an international  
competition for talents, and in particular, for
higher level talents. To face this new challenge,  
china must do something, among other things,  
to reform her graduate (postgraduate)  
education system. State your opinion about  
this reform, and give the solid supporting  
details to your viewpoint.
2003/10 My idea of professional ethics for  
a scientist.
2001/科大 Write an article of about 300  
words in which you explain the value of  
education.  
99/To what extent should university courses be  
geared to the economic needs of the society?  
Discuss.
2002/10 As a young scientist, which life would
you prefer to live: common or uncommon?  
Why?
98/ In China more and more young couples  
living in the city prefer to live a life without  
children. Do you support this idea or not?  
Please comment and state your viewpoint.
比较分析：
99/To what extent should university courses be  
geared to the economic needs of the society?  
Discuss.
2002/10 As a young scientist, which life would
you prefer to live: common or uncommon?  
Why?
98/ In China more and more young couples  
living in the city prefer to live a life without  
children. Do you support this idea or not?  
Please comment and state your viewpoint.
附加/The advantages and disadvantages  
of internet
附加/The advantages and disadvantages
of cell phones
附加/The advantages and disadvantages  
of college enrollment expansion
原因/结果：
99/What do you think the self detached  
from the social and cultural context?
附加/What do you think of the tendency that
cities are becoming bigger and bigger.
附加/What do you think of the phenomenon  
that raising pets is becoming more and more  
popular in today’s society.
附加/What effects that popularity of  
computer knowledge will bring about?
实例分析：
表明观点：
直接表明：
Is failure a bad thing
It is unlikely that one does not fail to do  
something in his life because no one can  
overcome the limitations in him. Sometimes  
we cannot make an achievement though we  
have worked hard, for we have no chance of  
success. Therefore, failure is quite common in
life and career.
phone
The popularity of telephone makes more  
and more people rarely write to their  
families or friends, for a call seems able
to do everything. Since a phone is so direct  
and convenient, why not make full use of it?
Work and play
“There are twenty-four hours in a day. Some  
for work some for play.” This is the first poem
I have learned in English many years ago. I  
can still remember it today, not only because it
is easy to recite but also because there is  
something there. This is quite true because we
human beings, unlike machines, have flesh and  
blood, soul and feelings. We cannot work all  
the time without any form of play.
比较之后表明：
With the development of the living  
standard, some Chinese families can afford a
private car. Yet opinions of the development of
private cars vary from person to person. Some  
claim that there are many advantages in owning  
a car, others strongly object to developing  
private cars. In my opinion, a private car can  
bring us a lot of conveniences.
With the development of the living standard,
some Chinese families can afford a private car.
Yet opinions of the development of private  

cars vary from person to person. Some claim  
that there are many advantages in owning a
car, others strongly object to developing  
private cars. In my opinion, there are many
good reasons against owning a car.