2014考研英语作文指导：如何写好句子

z625476 · 发表于 2013-5-24 18:46:00

　跨考考研针推辅导学生调查显示有的考生写出的文章、句子、语法结构与用词均无太大毛病，但仍然得不到高分，主要原因是句式缺少变化。正如前面所述，如果文章中简单句用得太多，文章便显得无生气，也说明考生英语水平还待提高。所以考生在写作时从遣词到造句，从造句到段落，一篇文章才能完成，每个句子和段落都有一写的规律可循，都有自己的写作技巧。

跨考考研总结出下面几种造句时要注意的几个问题：
　　一、避免语法方面的错误
　　1.　结构不完整，例如：
　　　误：We congratulated to him.
　　　正：We congratulated him.
　　　误：Do you like listening to other people to talk?
　　　正：Do you like listening to other talk？
　　2.混淆词义，例如
　　　误：He raised to greet us (raise举起)
　　　正：He rose to greet us.(rise起立)
　　　误: I laid in bed all morning.(lay/laid, laid放)
　　　正：I lay in bed all morning.(lie/lay, lain躺)
　　3．累赘，例如：
　　　原句：In China, Some cities are seriously polluted, and some cities are being polluted.
　　　改进：In China, Some cities are seriously polluted, some being polluted.
　　4.词性误用，例如：
　　　误：Good conditions is very benefit.
　　　正：Good conditions are very beneficial.
　　　误：They don’t feel nerves.
　　　正：They don’t feel nervous.
　　5．主谓不一致，例如
　　　误：Statistics are a branch of mathematics.
　　　正：Statistics is a branch of mathematics.
　　　误：The variety of pictures at this exhibition please me.
　　　正：The variety of pictures at this exhibition pleases me.
　　6．动名词与不定式的误用，例如：
　　　误：I hope visiting Beijing again.
　　　正：I hope to visit Beijing again.(hope不接动名词)
　　　误：I ’d rather staying where I am.
　　　正：I’d rather stay where I am.(would rather 要接省略to 的不定式)

　　二、注意句子的完整性
　　一个句子必须完整，就是说在意义和结构上都是完整的，以完整的结构来表达完整的意思，试比较
　　意义不完整：July is the hottest time of the year, and my birthday comes in this month.
　　改进: I was born in the hottest month of the year, July.
　　意思不完整：Mexico City is great and cosmopolitan, with a fine university and ultramodern architecture, and I hope to go there this summer.
　　改进：Mexico City is great and cosmopolitan, with a fine university and ultramodern architecture, I hope to go there this summer.
　　句子的结构完整表现的语法结构上无毛病，试比较：
　　结构不完整：English is a language, language is something used to communicate with other people.
　　改进：English is a language which is used to communicate.
　　结构不完整：A good English class is the all students can speak.
　　改进：A good English class is one in which all the students can speak.

　　三、注意句子的连贯性
　　句子的连贯性是指句子中的词和各组成分非常合理的连接起来，使意思表达非常清楚。试比较：
　　不连贯：He likes to sing, to swim, and table-tennis.
　　改进: He like to sing, to swim, and to play table-tennis.
　　不连贯: He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious.
　　改进: He was knocked down by a bicycle but was not seriously hurt.
　　时间不连贯: He left the library when his paper is written,
　　改进：He left the library when he had written his paper.

　　四、注意句子的变化性
　　句子的变化性指的是同一种意义可以通过各种变化的句型来表达。一篇文章要使人觉得内容丰富，语言生动有力，就应交叉使用长句、短句、简单句、复合句、并列句、疑问句等，达到形式与内容的统一。例如：
　　1．简单句型的转换：
　　原句：Victoria is a garden city, with one of the most delightful climates in the world.
　　变化1.A garden city, with one of the most delightful climates in the world, is Victoria.
　　变化2.Victoric, a garden city, has one of the most delightful climates in the world.
　　原句：She knew German very well.
　　变化1.She had a good command of German.
　　变化2.She had a good knowledge of German.
　　2. 复杂句型的转换
　　原句: They struggled forward. They were exhausted. Their steps were dragging, They had to push on.
　　变化: Exhausted, they struggled forward, their steps dragging, but they had to push on.
　　原句: Nothing here indicates where this information came from.
　　变化：There is no indication here where this information came from.
　　3.表现一段文章中的句子变化：
　　Hearing that Russia emphasizes foreign language,(现在分词短语作状语)we have suddenly increased our own offerings.(现在完成的时句型)But too seldom have our schools analyzed our needs.(转折和倒装句例)One school had re-established Latin; another has introduced conversational French for infants.(分号构成两个对比和平行的结构)Seldom have they asked whether Latin and French are as imperative as knowledge of Moslem customs or religion,(倒装结构与后面结构反对)or what languages are needed and for what needs.(what引导名词从句构成问)

　　五、注意句子的扩展性
　　英语中所有结构复杂的句子都是由基本句型扩展而生成的，由基本的陈述句型转成疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、被动句、倒装句等。在基本句型的基础上添加各种修饰成分便使句子得到了扩展，正如村干长出了大枝、小枝、树叶、花朵和果实。试比较：
　　基本句：He grew up.
　　扩展句：Born in a small town in South China in 1937, he grew up to be musician.
　　基本句：The moon was hidden.
　　扩展句：The moon was hidden entirely behind the dark clouds and not a single star could be seen.
　　扩展句可使文章内容具体、更生动、更有活力，但要根据具体情况加以采用。

以上总结为跨考考研英语教研组多年辅导归纳所得，希望对同学们有用！

来源：跨考教育

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