五 小结
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<br>本文通过对政治经济学概念和政治经济学学科发展的概述引出对国际政治经济学和比较政治经济学的讨论。国际政治经济学探讨国际层面上国家系统与国际市场的关系,比较政治经济学则对国内层面政府与市场的关系进行跨时间和/或跨空间的比较。随着全球化的发展,国际、国内层面的联系越来越紧密,国际政治经济学和比较政治经济学这两个领域的相关性也会越来越大,但是这并不等于它们可以合而为一,或者用一个代替另一个。这是因为这两个领域研究的核心问题并不一样,国际政治经济学的研究集中在国家间的经济关系上,而比较政治经济学则焦点于国家经济政策、战略的提出和实施上。\r<br>
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<br>[1] Barry Clark, Political Economy: A Comparative Approach, New York, Westport and London: Praeger, 1991, p.23.
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<br>[2] Jan-Erik Lane and Svante Ersson, Comparative Political Economy: A Developmental Approach, London and Washington: Pinter, 1990, p.1; James Caporaso and David P.Levine, Theories of Political Economy, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992, p.1; Phillip Anthony O’Hara (ed.), Encyclopedia of Political Economy, London and New York: Routledge, 1999, p.853.
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<br>[3] 总的来讲,欧洲(如英国)的人文、社科分类不如美国明显,而美国又一直占据当代政治经济学研究的前沿,所以以下对政治经济学的讨论主要建立在美国的学科分类上。\r<br>
<br>[4] 这里不加“学”以区别“方向”与“领域”。下面的“比较政治经济”同理。\r<br>
<br>[5] 比较政治学领域的研究既有这几个方向的研究也有国别的研究,但即使是国别研究一般也离不开这几个方向。\r<br>
<br>[6] 代表作如:Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition, Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1977; Keohane, “Theory of Hegemonic Stability and Changes in International Economic Regimes, 1967-1977,” in Ole R. Holsti, Randolph M. Siverson, and Alexander L. George, eds, Change in the International System, Boulder: Westview Press, 1980; Keohane, After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984; Robert Gilpin, “Three Models of the Future,” International Organization, Vol.29, No.1, 1975; Gilpin, U.S. Power and the MultinationalCorporation: The Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment, London: Macmillan, 1976.
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<br>[7] 代表作如:Peter Katzenstein, “Conclusion: Domestic Structures and Strategies of Foreign Economic Policy,” in Peter Katzenstein, ed., Between Power and Plenty: Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978; Peter Gourevitch, “International trade, Domestic Coalitions and Liberty,” Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol.8, No.2, 1977; Gourevitch, Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to International Economic Crises, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1986; Peter A. Hall, Governing the Economy: The Politics of State Intervention in Britain and France, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
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<br>[8] Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World-system I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century, San Diego, New York, Boston, London, Sydney, Tokyo and Toronto: Academic Press, 1974; Wallerstein, The Modern World-system II: Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World-economy, 1600-1750, San Diego, New York, Boston, London, Sydney, Tokyo and Toronto: Academic Press, 1980; Wallerstein, The Modern World-system III: The Second Era of Grreat Expansion of the Capitalist World-economy, 1730-1840s, San Diego, New York, Boston, London, Sydney, Tokyo and Toronto: Academic Press, 1989.
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<br>[9] 代表作如:Chalmers Johnson, MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1982; Johnson, “Political Institutions and Economic Performance: the Government-Business Relationship in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan,” in Frederic C. Deyo, ed., The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1987; Peter Evans, Dependent development: The Alliance of Ultinational, State, and Local Capital in Brazil, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979; Evans, “Transnational Linkages and the Economic Role of the State: An Analysis of Developing and Industrialized Nations in the Post-World War II Period,” in Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol, eds., Bringing the state back in, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985; Evans, “Class, State, and Dependence in East Asia: Lessons for Latin Americanists,” in The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism.
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<br>[10] 如:Alexander Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective: A Book of Essays, Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, 1962; Perry Anderson, Lineages of the Absolutist State, London: N.L.B., 1974; Michael Mann, The Sources of Social Power I: A History of Power from the Beginning to A.D. 1760, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986; Mann, The Sources of Social Power II: The Rise of Classes and Nation-states, 1760-1914, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993; Charles Tilly ed., The Formation of National States in Western Europe, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975; Tilly, Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990-1992, Cambridge (Mass.) and Oxford: Blackwell, 1992等。\r<br>
<br>[11] 这部分讨论参见:Peter Evans and John D. Stephens, “Studying Development Since the Sixties: The Emergence of a New Comparative Political Economy,” Theory and Society, Vol.17, 1988。\r<br>
<br>[12] 代表作如:Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, Cambridge (Mass.) and London: Harvard University Press, 1965; Gordon Tullock, “The Welfare Costs of Tariffs, Monopolies, and Theft,” Western Economic Journal, Vol.5, 1967; Anne O. Krueger, “The Political Economy of the Rent-seeking Society,” American Economic Review, Vol.44, 1974; Douglass C. North, Structure and Change in Economic History, New York and London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1981; Mancur Olson, The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities, New Heaven: Yale University Press, 1982; Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990等。\r<br>
<br>[13] 如:Robert Bates, Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981; Margaret Levi, Of Rule and Revenue, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988等。\r<br>
<br>[14] 如:John Zysman, Governments, Markets, and Growth: Financial Systems and the Politics of Industrial Change, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1983; Peter Katzenstein. Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1985; Frederic C. Deyo, ed., The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1987; Gosta Esping-Andersen, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990; Peter Evans, Embedded Autonomy: States and IndustrialTtransformation, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995等。\r<br>
<br>[15] 如:Robert Gilpin, The Political Economy of International Relations, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987; Stephen Gill, and David Law, The Global Political Economy: Perspectives, Problems and Policies, New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Tokyo and Singapore: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1988; Susan Strange, States and Markets, London: Pinter Publishers, 1988; Herman M. Schwartz, States versus Markets: The Emergence of a Global Economy, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000; Gilpin, Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001; Theodore H. Cohn, Global Political Economy: Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition, New York: Longman, 2003等等。\r<br>
<br>[16] 如:陈必达、许月梅:《国际政治关系经济学》,兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1996年版;宋新宁、陈岳:《国际政治经济学概论》,21世纪国际政治系列教材,北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999年版;彭澎:《国际政治经济学》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2001年版;程毅、夏安凌、韩玉贵:《国际经济政治概论》,面向21世纪课程教材,北京:高等教育出版社,2001年版;樊勇明:《西方国际政治经济学》,上海:上海人民出版社,2001年版;王正毅、张岩贵:《国际政治经济学:理论范式与现实经验研究》,北京:商务印书馆,2003年版等。\r<br>
<br>[17] Rand Smith, “International Economy and State Strategies: Recent Work in Comparative Political Economy,” Comparative Politics, Vol.25, No.3, 1993, p.352.
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<br>[18] Margaret Levi, “The Economic Turn in Comparative Politics,” Comparative Political Studies, Vol.33, No.6/7, 2000, p.822.
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<br>[19] James E. Alt, “Comparative Political Economy: Credibility, Accountability, and Institutions,” in Ira Katznelson and Helen V. Milner, eds., Political Science: The State of the Discipline, New York: Norton; Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association, 2002.
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<br>[20] 仅有的这样的几本书是:Jan-Erik Lane and Svante Ersson, Comparative Political Economy: A Developmental Approach, London and Washington: Pinter, 1990 and 1997; Ronald H. Chilcote, Theories of Comparative Political Economy, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2000; [美]罗纳德·H·奇尔科特著,高铦、高戈译:《比较政治经济学理论》,政治理论译丛,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2001年版; Charles Kindleberger, Comparative Political Economy : A Retrospective, Cambridge (Mass.) and London: MIT Press, 2000。
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<br> 转载自irchina.org
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