[可以申请版主吗]模拟联合国文件写作 ,我们自己整理的!三

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例1：                     Working Paper Sample(1)

Committee: International Fishery Committee

Topic: Global fishery and management

Sponsor: Panama, Guatemala, Nigaruagua

As countries with prospering fishing industry, also as countries that pay great attention to the maintainance of biodiversity, we strive to solve negative effects brought about during fishery process. One of the major problems is bycatch.

A vivid definition of bycatching:

Imagine you are a the old man in Old Man and the Sea, and you want to catch some shrimp for lunch. If when you trawl up your net, except for the poor shrimps you want, there is also a dinasour struggling in the net, then you have just BY-CAUGHT: catching something you do not intend to catch.

How serious is by-catch?

According to the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, in the Gulf of Mexico, three pounds of bycatch are caught for every pound of shrimp that goes to market. According to the Worldwide Fund for Nature, in the Gulf of Thailand it can be 14 pounds of bycatch per pound of shrimp. Bycatch is often discarded dead or dying by the time it is returned to the sea. Trawl nets in general, and shrimp trawls in particular, have been identified as sources of mortality for species of concern, including cetaceans. Sea turtles, already critically endangered, have been killed by the thousands in shrimp trawl nets.

How to reduce by-catch?

To reduce bycatch, we propose ways as follows:

1. We recommand the "bycatch reduction device" (BRD) and the Nordmore grate that

help fish escape from shrimp nets.

2. We encourage trawlers to outfit their nets with trap-door "Turtle excluder device," or TEDs, to let sea turtles escape.

3. As the size selectivity of trawl nets is often controlled by the size of the openings in the net, especially in the "cod end", the larger the size of the openings, the more easily small fish can escape, so we support the use of appropriately larger sizes of openings.

4. We appeal to further carry out the development and testing of modifications to fishing gear to improve selectivity and decrease impact, which is called "conservation

engineering."

DISCARDS, form a major part of the bycatch of a fishing operation. Discards are theportion of a catch of fish which is not retained on board during commercial fishingoperations and is returned, often dead or dying, to the sea. Discarding impacts on theenvironment in two ways; firstly, through increased mortality to target and non-targetspecies, particularly at juvenile life-history stages, and secondly, through alteration offood webs by supplying increased levels of food to scavenging organisms on the seafloor, and to sea birds.

So, in addition to efforts to reduce the amount of bycatch caught in nets, we also appeal to implement programs to effectively utilize bycatch species, rather than throwing the fish back into the ocean. One such use of bycatch is the formulation of fish hydrolysate that can be used as a soil amendment in organic agriculture.

◆决议草案

前面我们多次提到了决议草案，这里重要要真正开始讲。

1. 定义

决议草案(Draft Resolution)，是“决议案(Resolution)”的草案，简称DR，通过即成为合法的国际条例或约定，影响全世界。而DR 也是我们模联会议的最终结果，因此具有非常重要的地位。

2.各种要求

（1）之所以叫“草案”，是因为需要投票才能生效。

（2）起草国和附议国都需要。其中起草国不能再成为其他DR 的起草国。附议国则还可以成为其他DR 的附议国。

（3）起草国和附议国总数要达到总参会国家数的２０％（大于等于），且起草国不能再同时成为附议国。

（4）同样要提交主席团审核，通过、编号并印发全场

（5）DR 印发下来后所有起草国自动获得3 分钟来解释草案的主要内容和意义。可以所有起草国一起上去说，也可以只派几个。介绍后，其他代表有权利提出针对草案语法的3 个问题。

（6）以上步骤结束后，记住一定要动议来讨论这个文件。一般先是来一个Moderated Caucus。

3. 写法

开头左上角：

委员会Committee

议题Topic

起草国和附议国名单Country List（先写起草国后写附议国）

正文：

（1）全部内容都要用用完整的长句书写，一般第一句话这么写：

The security council, we the people of the United Nations. 下面接着写正文。正文包括前后

两部分，前面是序言性条款，后面是行动性条款

（2）序言性条款Preambulatory clauses：阐述议题的基本情况和影响，陈述议题的重要性与必要性，回顾已采取过的行动（决议、条约、国际行动、发言、见解），概念界定（关键词、问题核心部分）。每一款以一斜体动词的现在分词开头（ 如，Affirming, Emphasizing, Recognizing）逗号结尾。最后一个序言性条款的结尾用句号。

（3）行动性条款Operative clauses：这个是草案的实质部分，需要列举出解决问题的措施和建议，每个条款以斜体动词第三人称单数开头，如Accepts, Encourages, Further recommends,Strongly condemns，每个条款结尾用逗号。每条款只能表示一个意思。条款要有逻辑顺序，用阿拉伯数字，英文字母，罗马数字等标注条款和副条款等。最后条款以句号结尾。

4. 其他

一个理想的决议草案要求格式准确无误，语言通顺流畅、正式、尽量避免语法错误。草案最好能够照顾到尽量多的国家集团（bloc）的利益（这样才能通过嘛，实际上很多会议上，照顾到尽可能多的国家集团的利益的意思就是把各种工作文件粘贴在一起......）。决议草案一般都在会议的最后一天早上浮出水面，所以会议倒数第二天的晚上一直到最后一天的凌晨就是代表们熬夜写文件的时间，也是模联最有特色的时间。

*注意，在安理会中如果有一个常任理事国对决议草案投了反对票(no)，则决议不通过。

5. 修正案

要修改已经提交给主席团的决议草案，就必须提交“修正案(amendment)”。

修正案分为两种：“友好修正案(friendly amendment)”和“非友好修正案(unfriendly

amendment)”。

所有起草国都署名同意的修正案就是“友好修正案”。把友好修正案交给主席之前，先把其他起草国的代表签字弄到一张纸上一起拿过去，才能证明这个是友好修正案。然后主席会通知全场并把修正案印发全场，再把电脑中存贮的原来的决议草案按照友好修正案的要求修改。

起草国只要有一个不同意的修正案就是非友好修正案。非友好的谁都可以提，只不过需要得到20%国家的签署。

修正案一般有三种用途

1. 当你的国家集团没有足够力量起草决议草案时，你就可以写修正案，把别人的东西改成自己满意的。

2. 当你的国家集团的决议草案由于各种原因晚于其他国家决议草案提交（先提交的决议草案先投票，如果通过了，后提交的决议草案就不用投票了），为了保险起和干涉他们的决议草案，你可以把你整个决议草案都改成修正案。

3. 如果你只是想给他们捣捣乱，也可以随便写一写。

例：

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