[可以申请版主吗]模拟联合国文件写作 ,我们自己整理的!一

zhoujb296

模拟联合国文件写作



一、模拟联合国文件的分类



模拟联合国的文件分为两类，会前文件和会议文件。

大多数情况下，会前文件只有一种，叫做“立场文件(position paper)”。当然像我们说的，所有的规定都是主办方定的，所以有别的文件也别奇怪。比如09 年北大的模联就增加了国家介绍等会前文件。

会议文件是文件主体，包括：1. 工作文件(Working Paper) 2. 决议草案(Draft Resolution) 3.修正案(Amendment) 4. 指令草案/紧急决议(Draft Directive/Emergency Resolution)

◆立场文件

立场文件(Positon Paper)就是在会前写的表达自己国家在这个议题上的立场报告。动手写立场文件本身不是什么难事，你只要按下面讲的做就行，但是要写好立场，需要做的调查和研究是最难的。你需要搜集各种资料，然后才能确定你的立场等等。

1.作用：

（1）对你：了解别国立场；早期正式发言的主要参照材料，有的代表正式辩论看是时上去就直接读他们立场文件了。当然后期就不行了，需要根据会议的进程做更改。

（2）对别国：了解你的立场

（3）对各国：确定国家间是否具有共同的目标和利益等等，是否有可能进行协商和合作。

2.格式：

（1）开头左上角写以下内容：

代表姓名（delegates）

代表来自的学校名(school)

国家名(country)

所在委员会(committee)

议题(topic)

（2）然后空一两行接着写正文就可以了

正文通常内容：

第一部分：

简要陈述议题，并说明代表国认为该议题对于整个国际社会所具有的重要性。

第二部分：

简介及评价该问题联合国所采取过的措施和成效。

第三部分：

对于该议题代表国所持有的立场、态度。可包括与该国相关的国内事物和外交政策，以及在过去的国际工作中所支持过的决议。

第四部分：

代表国对委员会的建议，课包括代表国认为有效可行的解决措施，以及国际社会应当担当的角色。

3.写作要求以及注意事项

（1）首段概要简述与本国有关的该议题的历史现状与趋势

（2）第二部分重点阐述联合国、所代表国家曾经参与或组织的行动，通过的决议以及重要发言。

（3）建议第三部分重点阐述所代表国家的基本立场、所拥有的基本政策、正在进展的措施、理由、具体案例。举出实例，而不是空讲政策和态度。

（4）第四部分列举您提出的解决此类问题的建议

（5）最后一部分进行呼吁和展望不要过于具体阐述绅节用词简练、正式，尽量运用外交辞令。

（6）文章结构清晰、条理分明。必要时候提供数据。正式，精简，不多于2页。

例：1.

Position Paper

Delegate: Yang YI，YuanmengHUANG

School:Shanghai No.3 Girls High School

Country:Tuvalu

Committee:United Nations

EnvironmentProgram(UNEP)

Topic A:Exploitation of Natural Resources in Antarctic

With increasing discoveries made and technologies developed, the exploitation of Antarctica has become an international hot-spot. Our exporation of Antarctica has never ceased---we are simply eager to step on to that mysterious, yet, sacred white land covered with snow all-year-long to do researches or to carry out further exploitation.

Many countries have built up scientific stations on this continent, and have gradually made their dreams come true. Thanks to the constant efforts of the international community, we have already made facts like “there are more than 220 sorts of mineral resources in Antarctic” and “the amount of reserved flammable ice beneath the ice sheet is the sum of all the fossil fuels all over the world, which could replace coal and petroleum as a new environment- friendly energy resource”come true.

So now, the importance and the necessity of peaceful and rational exploitation of these resources have gradually emerged. And Tuvalu firmly believes that should these resources be used properly, they would be evangel to all those suffering from the energy crisis.1

One important ally of Tuvalu, the UK, has claimed 100 Esq. Sea territories near the Antarctica,which incurred many disputes from the countries near the Antarctica. Not only UK though, many other countries(such as Chile, Argentina, France, Norway) have claimed territories in Antarctica as well. Russian Federation even dispatched, 153 times, scientific groups to Antarctica to do research,discover and built basements!

However, the territorial conflicts in Antarctic is not simply about territory itself; it is also about showing off certain countries' power. Now, there are many treaties and protocols dealing with this issue, but few of them are effective. And the poor Antarctic Treaty, can only be regarded as a byproduct of the cold war, which froze many droids in  Antarctic, and forbid the exploitation in Antarctica and the territory claims. Yet, it is very clear that not all of these items are rational. Tuvalu supports the exploitation of Antarctic resources, and we believe that Antarctica belongs to the entire human race, which, of course, includes us Tuvalu.

Tuvalu is we hope to participate the inner conferences of the related countries to get more benefits for our citizens. Therefore, Tuvalu suggests that the international community hold discussions based on the Svalbard Treaty, 1925 to exploit Antarctic resources, protect its environment, and, as well, to pay less attention to military and economic concerns.

Also as one of the least developed countries in the world, we have extremely limited capability for thorough exploitation: We will simply use the resources of Antarctica to meet domestic needs.

The exploitation of the Antarctic is a mainstream trend of our time. So, Tuvalu suggests all countries be united, to together figure out a rational, environment-friendly and sustainable way to exploit Antarctic and to protect it. Tuvalu is willing to cooperate with other developed alliance such as Australia, Japan and UK during this UNEP conference to sign related joint communiqué to help our alliances and Tuvalu ourselves to benefit from all that we can.

Above all, Tuvalu suggests:

1. Considering that great profits can and can only be achieved under International Treaties, Tuvalu urges the UN to ameliorate all international treaties such as the Antarctic Treaty and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,discuss the documents of scientific share of the polar area, take the polar area into the jurisdiction of the United Nations, and welcome all states to carry out scientific explorations.

2. Urges all states to explore the resources shared by all mankind properly, in respect of the international laws and the protection of the environment, and announce all the scientific achievements beneficial to everyone.

3. Protects the benefits of all developing countries on the controversial issue,and thinks developing countries should cooperate with developed ones and shouldn't be sated aside in the intense competition in exploiting Antarctic natural resources.

4. As for energy, we suggest that every country find and invent new energy with great exertion, and we hope that the human race could get rid of the rely on fossil resources as soon as possible.

5. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the application of the extension of the application of the continental shelf seabed sovereignty under article 76, and all states should hand in the relating application and information to UN.

6. In expectation of relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, all exploration and researches must be under the framework in the treaty.

Tuvalu is faces a huge problem that we will all soon be facing: Global Warming. This effect causes the elevation of sea level, and as a result our citizens have to migrate to survive. So we hope that all countries will protect the environment of Antarctic area while exploring it.

Tuvalu suggests that, in order to reach the consensus of certain laws and decisions, we should have further discussion on this topic. Antarctic belongs to all livings, including the citizens of Tuvalu. Tuvalu hopes that our citizens could find a new place to live in Antarctic zone by a resolution of UNEP. Tuvalu appeals every country to be united in elaborating new international laws in order to establish and maintain a new order in the exploration of Antarctic resources.

Tuvalu will, of course, very much appreciates international assistance. Again, we insists that Antarctic belongs to the entire human race, and we hope all countries could cooperate with each other on these issues. And Tuvalu hopes all countries could pay more attention to environment protection when making the exploitation projects. Tuvalu has been devoted to promoting peaceful and efficient discussions among all the countries related to these issues to protect the collective benefits from the hegemonies. From now on, we will pay close attention to the progress of this conference, and we expect the UNEP to be efficient, effective, and function-enlarged.