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[推荐]日本研究入门 全部参考资料

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1#
发表于 2006-8-13 18:56:16 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">第二讲<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">? </span></span>自然风土与日本民族?国家</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?? </span></span>一、日本的自然风土</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?? </span></span>二、人口与民族</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?? </span></span>三、行政区划与地方特性</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">日本列岛印象</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">一、日本的自然风土</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1</span>、地理位置与国土</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">2</span>、日本的地形与山川</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">3</span>、日本的气候特点</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">4</span>、自然资源</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">日本全图</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1</span>、地理位置与国土</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本的国土除北海道、本州、四国、九州四个主要岛屿以外,还有<span lang="EN-US">6800</span>多个沿海小岛。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">整个日本列岛呈狭长的弧形,从东北向西南延伸,全长约<span lang="EN-US">3500</span>公里;日本列岛最宽处宽度不超过<span lang="EN-US">300</span>公里。 </font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本国土的最北端是择捉岛,位于北纬<span lang="EN-US">45</span>度<span lang="EN-US">33</span>分;最南端是冲之鸟岛,位于北纬<span lang="EN-US">20</span>度<span lang="EN-US">25</span>分;最东端是南鸟岛,位于东经<span lang="EN-US">153</span>度<span lang="EN-US">59</span>分;最西端是冲绳县与那国岛,位于东经<span lang="EN-US">122</span>度<span lang="EN-US">56</span>分。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本陆地面积包括北方四岛<span lang="EN-US">(</span>国后、择捉、齿舞、色丹<span lang="EN-US">)</span>在内,约<span lang="EN-US">37.8</span>万平方公里。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">本州岛最大,面积约<span lang="EN-US">23</span>万平方公里,占全国总面积的<span lang="EN-US">60%</span>。四大岛屿的面积占日本国土的<span lang="EN-US">95%</span>以上。<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">? </span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本是岛国,自然海岸线漫长,且蜿蜒曲折。海岸线总长约<span lang="EN-US">3</span>万<span lang="EN-US">4</span>千公里,是世界上单位面积海岸线最长的国家之一。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本周边有<span lang="EN-US">12</span>海里领海,同时沿岸向外<span lang="EN-US">200</span>海里有专属经济水域。但是,其专属经济水域,在钓鱼岛群岛<span lang="EN-US">(</span>尖阁列岛<span lang="EN-US">)</span>附近和日韩独岛<span lang="EN-US">(</span>日本称竹岛<span lang="EN-US">)</span>附近分别与中、韩两国的专属经济水域重叠,成为有待解决的争议问题。<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">日本的国土面积与世界主要国家比较</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本的国土面积占世界陆地总面积的<span lang="EN-US">0.25%</span>,但是,和世界很多国家比较,日本并不是一个小国。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">日本国土的变迁</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1880</span>年,日本国土面积约<span lang="EN-US">38</span>万平方公里。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1895</span>年甲午战争后,台湾及澎湖列岛割让;<span lang="EN-US">1910</span>年日本吞并朝鲜,国土面积达到<span lang="EN-US">67.5</span>万平方公里。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1945</span>年,日本的国土面积达到<span lang="EN-US">68</span>万平方公里,为最大。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">今天的国土面积大体上是根据<span lang="EN-US">1951</span>年《旧金山和约》确定的,是战前的<span lang="EN-US">54.7%</span>。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">填海造地:关西国际机场;东京台场等。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">2</span>、日本的地形与山川</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本孤悬海上,有日本海与太平洋环绕。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本与大陆之间的日本海属浅海,有大陆架相连;但太平洋是世界最深的海,有日本海沟和伊豆小笠原海沟<span lang="EN-US">(</span>深<span lang="EN-US">1000-2700</span>米<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">多山国家。山地、丘陵占陆地面积的<span lang="EN-US">76%</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">两大山系:</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">北弯山系</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">与</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">南弯山系</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">北弯山系:从北海道、东北和本州北部南北走向的山脉。包括虾夷山脉、奥羽山脉、关东山地等。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">南弯山系:飞<span style="mso-ansi-language: JA">騨</span> 山脉、木曾山脉、赤石山脉<span lang="EN-US">---</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>日本阿尔卑斯</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>;以及纪伊山地等。<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>两条山系在本州中部相汇,称为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>中央山结</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>,为全国地势最高点<span lang="EN-US">--- </span>富士山<span lang="EN-US">(3776 </span>米<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p>
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2#
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-13 18:56:22 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">日本</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">阿尔卑斯</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">山脉</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">箱根芦湖</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">森林与河流</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本的森林面积占全部国土面积的<span lang="EN-US">66%</span>,平原和低地只占陆地面积的<span lang="EN-US">25%</span>,其中农业用地<span lang="EN-US">14%</span>,住宅用地<span lang="EN-US">3%</span>,工业用地<span lang="EN-US">0.4%</span>。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">河流众多,少大河;河流流程短,落差大,多激流、瀑布。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">最长的河流是信浓川,全长<span lang="EN-US">367</span>公里。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">流域面积最大的河流是利根川,约<span lang="EN-US">1.68</span>万平方公里。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">流域平均宽度最大的河流是淀川,宽<span lang="EN-US">110</span>公里。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">信浓川</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">利根川</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">平原</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本的平原多为冲积平原。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">最大的平原是利根川流域冲积而成的关东平原;其次是石狩平原<span lang="EN-US">(</span>北海道<span lang="EN-US">)</span>和新潟平原,以及浓尾平原<span lang="EN-US">(</span>名古屋<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、畿内平原<span lang="EN-US">(</span>京阪地区<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">火山与地震</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本列岛位于环太平洋火山地震带上。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">七大火山带:千岛、那须、岛海、富士、乘鞍、白山、雾岛。<span lang="EN-US">200</span>多座火山,其中<span lang="EN-US">60</span>座是活火山。世界活火山的<span lang="EN-US">1</span>∕<span lang="EN-US">10</span>集中于日本,故有?°火山国?±之称。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">富士山、阿苏火山、浅间山、樱岛、云仙岳、三原山、雾岛火山等。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">温泉资源丰富;多?°山中湖?±。琵琶湖;田泽湖;中禅寺湖。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">地震频繁。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">阿苏火山</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">阿苏火山喷火口</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">琵琶湖<span lang="EN-US">(</span>海崎大津<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体">中禅寺湖<span lang="EN-US">(</span>日光<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">3</span>、日本的气候特点</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本位于北纬<span lang="EN-US">45</span>度到北纬<span lang="EN-US">24</span>度之间,跨亚寒带、温带、亚热带,属温暖、湿润的海洋性气候,四季分明。但受地形、海流影响,地域差异显著。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">北海道和本州北部属季风型温带针叶林气候;北纬<span lang="EN-US">35</span>度以南属季风型热带森林气候;北纬<span lang="EN-US">35</span>度以北的中部地区属季风型阔叶林气候。</font></p>
3#
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-13 18:56:32 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">与同纬度其他国家、地区相比,降水量大。日本列岛年平均降水量<span lang="EN-US">1700-1800</span>毫米,南部可达<span lang="EN-US">2500</span>毫米。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">降水量比较</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">表日本</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">与</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">里日本</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">北弯山系</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">和</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">南弯山系</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">将本州岛分为东向太平洋的一面和西向日本海的一面。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: JA"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA"><font face="宋体">日本人将面向太平洋一面称为</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: JA">“</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA"><font face="宋体">表日本</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: JA">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA">(おもて日本)</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA"> ;面向日本海一面称为</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: JA">“</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: JA"> </span><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">里日本</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: JA">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA">(うら日本)</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA"> 。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: JA"> <p></p></span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: JA"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">4</span>、自然资源</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">日本自然资源贫乏,是世界上最大的资源进口国。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">矿产;</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">木材;</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">稻米<span lang="EN-US">---</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">大米文化</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">;</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">渔业:台湾暖流<span lang="EN-US">(</span>黑潮<span lang="EN-US">)</span>与千岛寒流<span lang="EN-US">(</span>亲潮<span lang="EN-US">)</span>交汇处,形成世界著名大渔场<span lang="EN-US">---</span>西北太平洋渔场。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">动植物资源。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">二、人口与民族</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1</span>、人口</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">日本人口总数约<span lang="EN-US">1.27</span>亿人,占亚洲人口的<span lang="EN-US">3.6%</span>;人口总数居世界第<span lang="EN-US">8</span>位。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">日本的人口密度为每平方公里<span lang="EN-US">337.6</span>人,在人口规模超<span lang="EN-US">3000</span>万的国家中居第<span lang="EN-US">3</span>位。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">90</span>年代后,日本人口平均增长率急剧下降。目前的人口增长率为<span lang="EN-US">0.21%</span>。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">日本人平均寿命为男性<span lang="EN-US">78</span>岁,女性<span lang="EN-US">85</span>岁,居世界第一位。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">老龄少子化</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">问题</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">按照日本标准,<span lang="EN-US">65</span>岁以上人口超过总人口<span lang="EN-US">7%</span>为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">老龄化社会</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">;占<span lang="EN-US">14%</span>时为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">老龄社会</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。目前<span lang="EN-US">65</span>岁以上人口已占日本总人口<span lang="EN-US">18%</span>,预计<span lang="EN-US">2015</span>年将达到<span lang="EN-US">25%(</span>每<span lang="EN-US">4</span>个日本人中有一位<span lang="EN-US">65</span>岁以上老人<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">人口分布极不均衡<span lang="EN-US">---</span>人口高度都市化。首都<span lang="EN-US">(</span>东京<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、阪神<span lang="EN-US">(</span>大阪<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、中京<span lang="EN-US">(</span>名古屋<span lang="EN-US">)</span>三大都市圈各自<span lang="EN-US">50</span>公里范围内,集中了全国人口的<span lang="EN-US">43%</span>。城市人口占日本总人口的<span lang="EN-US">80%</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">2</span>、民族</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">日本民族种族构成极为复杂,但历史形成的同质性较强,</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">大和</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">民族占<span lang="EN-US">99%</span>以上。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">2</span>万阿伊努人是日本的少数民族。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">在日韩国、朝鲜系侨民<span lang="EN-US">60-70</span>万人;中国人<span lang="EN-US">30-40</span>万人;南美及海外日裔;其他国家地区侨民等,他们不被看作</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">少数民族</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">,入籍即为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日本人</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年,日本国际婚姻比例达到<span lang="EN-US">1</span>∕<span lang="EN-US">20</span>。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">三、行政区划与地方特性</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1</span>、自然环境与岛国内部差异性</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">2</span>、日本的行政区划与地方特性</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1</span>、自然环境与岛国内部的差异性</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">海流、季风影响,催发出不同的地域差异</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">地形的复杂,富有隔断性,形成天然阻隔的自然区域,孕育出不同的地区特色。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">日本人对自己国土的方位感觉:</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">东</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">与</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">西</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">樋口清之《关东人,关西人》:把日本地方差异分为<span lang="EN-US">12</span>种类型:东九州型、西北九州型、南海型、内海型、山阴型、畿内型、东海型、中部山岳型、关东型、东北偏西型、东北偏东型、北海道型。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">2</span>、行政区划与地方特性</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">全国行政区:都、道、府、县制。即<span lang="EN-US">1</span>都<span lang="EN-US">(</span>东京都<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、<span lang="EN-US">1</span>道<span lang="EN-US">(</span>北海道<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、<span lang="EN-US">2</span>府<span lang="EN-US">(</span>京都府和大阪府<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、<span lang="EN-US">43</span>县。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">按日本传统习惯,<span lang="EN-US">1</span>都<span lang="EN-US">1</span>道<span lang="EN-US">2</span>府<span lang="EN-US">43</span>县划分为<span lang="EN-US">8</span>大地方:北海道地方、东北地方、关东地方、中部地方、近畿地方、中国地方、四国地方、九州地方。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">日本行政区划</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">日本是实行地方自治制度的单一制国家。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">中央政府即中央各省厅。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">地方政府在法律上称</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">地方公共团体</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>地方自治体<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">地方自治体分都、道、府、县和市、町、村两级。都、道、府、县为平行的一级行政区,称为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">广域地方公共团体</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">;市、町、村一级称为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">基础地方公共团体</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">,属于</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">广域地方公共团体</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">的管辖范围。</font></font></p>
4#
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-13 18:56:43 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">地方自治体</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">地方自治体各自有议会。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">都道府县执行首长称</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">知事</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">;政府机构称为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">厅</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">市町村执行首长称为市长、町长、村长;办事机构为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">役所</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">从实质上说,都道府县为一级行政区,直属中央政府。但在法律上,地方政府不是设在地方上的</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">国家机关</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">;地方自治体首长需由居民直接选举产生,地方政府的公务员为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">地方公务员</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">,不是</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">国家公务员</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">首都东京</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">东京都下辖<span lang="EN-US">23</span>区、<span lang="EN-US">28</span>市及小笠原群岛。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">东京都政府为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">都厅</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">,位于新宿区西新宿。都政府在小笠原群岛设</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">小笠原支厅</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">东京都为中央政府所在地。中央政府集中于千代田区霞关,称</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">官厅街</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">;首相官邸、国会及各政党总部集中在永田町。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">皇居位于东京丸之内。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">地方特性<span lang="EN-US">(</span>九州型<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">九州地方:九州岛及周围<span lang="EN-US">1400</span>个岛屿组成。包括福冈、佐贺、长崎、大分、熊本、宫崎、鹿儿岛、冲绳<span lang="EN-US">8</span>县。前<span lang="EN-US">4</span>县合称</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">北九州</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">;后<span lang="EN-US">4</span>县合称</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">南九州</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。历史上属于筑前、筑后、肥前、肥后、丰前、丰后、日向、大隅、萨摩<span lang="EN-US">9</span>国,故而得名。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">北九州是日本最早的工业地带。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">南九州有筑紫平原,是著名产粮区。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">渔业发达。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">东九州人性格封闭;西北九州人进取、开放。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">冲绳。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">地方特性<span lang="EN-US">(</span>内海、山阴、南海型<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">以</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">四国地方</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">、</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">中国地方</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">等为中心。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">四国地方:由四国岛及周围小岛构成。北临濑户内海,南濒太平洋。包括德岛、香川、爱媛、高知<span lang="EN-US">4</span>县。历史上为阿波、赞岐、伊予、土佐<span lang="EN-US">4</span>国,故而得名。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">中国地方:本州岛西南部。包括鸟取、岛根、冈山、广岛、山口<span lang="EN-US">5</span>县,以东西走向的中国山脉分为山阳、山阴两地区。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">地方特性<span lang="EN-US">(</span>内海、山阴、南海型<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">内海型:濑户内海沿岸地区。古代通商要道、文化动脉;现代工业地带。内海型具商业气质。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">山阴型:大部分为中国地方的日本海一侧,积雪地带。山阴型性格封闭、阴郁、利己。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">南海型:从鹿儿岛为中心的南九州到高知县、南和歌山,一直到千叶县南部,即黑潮直接冲击地带。南海人性格粗犷、封闭。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">地方特性<span lang="EN-US">(</span>畿内型<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">近畿地方:亦称</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">关西地方</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。位于本州岛中部。包括京都、大阪、滋贺、兵库、奈良、和歌山<span lang="EN-US">2</span>府<span lang="EN-US">4</span>县。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">畿内</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">是日本文明发展最古老的地区之一,历史上政治、经济、文化中心;现代重要经济地区。阪神工业地带是日本第二大工业地带。文化发达。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">畿内人具备各种素质,表现了日本人的一般性格特征。特点是精明。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">西阵织</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">地方特性<span lang="EN-US">(</span>东海型、中部山岳型<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">以</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">中部地方</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">为中心。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">中部地方:本州岛中部。分为东山、东海、北陆三个地区。包括新潟、富山、石川、福井、山梨、长野、岐阜、静冈、爱知、三重<span lang="EN-US">10</span>县。是日本列岛最宽处,也是最高处,有</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日本屋顶</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">之称。富士山为最高峰。沿海有新潟平原、浓尾平原、富山平原。以爱发、不破、铃鹿三关将本州岛分为关东地区和关西地区。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">地方特性<span lang="EN-US">(</span>东海型、中部山岳型<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">东海型:中部地方的平原部分,大体上为古代伊势国<span lang="EN-US">(</span>三重县<span lang="EN-US">)</span>至东京以西地区。东海型为中间类型,兼有中部山岳型和南海型特点。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">中部山岳型:中部地方的山区部分。高山寒冷地带。闭塞;强健;表现出逆境中努力改变环境的性格。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">地方特性<span lang="EN-US">(</span>关东型<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">关东地方:本州岛中南部,日本国中心地带。分为南关东和北关东两个地区。包括东京、神奈川、琦玉、千叶、群马、枥木、茨城<span lang="EN-US">1</span>都<span lang="EN-US">6</span>县。鎌仓、江户两幕府所在地。<span lang="EN-US">1869</span>年迁都东京后,成为日本政治、经济和文化中心。京滨工业地带是全国最大工业地带。是由<span lang="EN-US">150</span>多座城市组成的城市群。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">语言、性格粗犷;强调自我;不如大阪人开放;赌徒性格。少有成功人士。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">地方特性<span lang="EN-US">(</span>东北型<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Batang; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体-方正超大字符集; mso-font-kerning: 5.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">东北地方:本州岛北部。包括青森、岩手、宫城、秋田、山形和福岛<span lang="EN-US">6</span>县。古称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体-方正超大字符集; mso-font-kerning: 5.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Batang; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体-方正超大字符集; mso-font-kerning: 5.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">奥羽地方</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体-方正超大字符集; mso-font-kerning: 5.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Batang; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体-方正超大字符集; mso-font-kerning: 5.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。</span>
5#
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-13 18:56:49 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">多山,富森林,沿海有仙台、秋田等平原。人口稀疏,为日本经济相对落后地区。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">平原地带为水稻产区,有日本</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">粮仓</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">之称。人口多为近畿移民。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">非耕农居住地区,称</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">黑虾夷</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">,多有阿伊努血统。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">东北型性格朴素,异乎寻常的努力,但封闭。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">地方特性<span lang="EN-US">(</span>北海道型<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">北海道地方:由北海道与周边小岛构成,原称</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">虾夷地</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。日本海、太平洋、鄂霍次克海、津轻海峡环绕。多火山,积雪期<span lang="EN-US">4</span>个月。森林、煤炭、渔产、乳制品加工为四大富源。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">开拓精神。性格两极分化。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p>
6#
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-13 18:57:24 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">第三讲<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">? </span></span>民族起源?民族性格与日本文明</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">关于</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">文明</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">文明</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(civilization)</span>一词源于拉丁文</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">civis</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(1)</span>罗马公民身份;</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(2)</span>比蛮族原始生活状态优越。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">18</span>世纪见于欧洲正式文献;<span lang="EN-US">20</span>世纪广泛使用于人文社会科学各领域。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">学术界关于</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">文明</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">概念的定义各种各样。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">人类在物质和精神两方面创造的成果基础上形成的生活状态和生活方式。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">主题:</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">一、日本的民族起源</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">二、日本国家与国旗?国歌</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">三、日本的原初文明与民族性格</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">一、日本的民族起源</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>一<span lang="EN-US">)</span>关于日本民族起源的学说</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>二<span lang="EN-US">)</span>关于日本的民族起源</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>三<span lang="EN-US">)</span>民族起源研究的意义</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">日本民族:单一民族?</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>一<span lang="EN-US">)</span>关于日本民族起源的学说</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">小熊英二</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="JA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: JA"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ansi-language: JA">おぐま</span>?<span style="mso-ansi-language: JA">えいじ<span lang="JA"><p></p></span></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1962</span>年生于东京。<span lang="EN-US">1998</span>年东京大学教养学部综合文化研究科国际社会科学专业博士课程修了。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">庆应义塾大学综合政策学部副教授。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">《单一民族神话的起源》</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">新曜社,<span lang="EN-US">1995</span>年版。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1996</span>年度三得利学艺奖。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">到<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年,重印<span lang="EN-US">16</span>次。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">其他著作</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">《日本人的</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">境界</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">》<span lang="EN-US">(</span>新曜社,<span lang="EN-US">1998</span>年<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">《世纪转换期的国际秩序与国民文化的形成》<span lang="EN-US">(</span>柏书房,<span lang="EN-US">1999</span>年<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">《印度日记》<span lang="EN-US">(</span>新曜社,<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">《面向异文化理解的伦理》<span lang="EN-US">(</span>名大出版会,<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">《近代日本的他者像与自画像》<span lang="EN-US">(</span>柏书房,<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>年<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">《<span lang="EN-US">Nation</span>的轨迹》<span lang="EN-US">(</span>新世社,<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>年<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">《</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">民主</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">与</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">爱国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">》<span lang="EN-US">(</span>新曜社,<span lang="EN-US">2002</span>年<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,等。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">江户时代的民族起源学说</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="JA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">新井白石</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">(</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA">あらい</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">?</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA">はくせき</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">1657-1725</span></font><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA"><font face="宋体">)<p></p></font></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ansi-language: JA">江户</span>中期儒学者、政治家。曾任幕府侍讲并参与幕政。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1712</span>年后专心著述 ,属朱子学派。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">提出日本民族起源“肃慎说”。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">菲力浦?弗朗茨?冯?希波尔德</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" size="3">Philipp F.Von.Siebold(1796-1866)</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">德国医生、博物学者。<span lang="EN-US">1823</span>年任驻日本荷兰商馆医官。<span lang="EN-US">1826</span>年随商馆赴江户。<span lang="EN-US">1862</span>年归国。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">著有《日本》、《日本动物志》、《植物志》等。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">提出 </font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">大陆鞑靼系民族征服说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p><p></p>
7#
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-13 18:57:28 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">爱德华?莫斯</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" size="3">Edword S.Morse(1838-1925)</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">美国生物学家。哈佛大学毕业。<span lang="EN-US">1877</span>来日,发现并发掘东京大森贝塚,成为日本考古学的开创者。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">其后受聘在东京帝大讲授动物学和生物学,介绍达尔文进化论,给当时日本学术界以巨大冲击。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">在日期间收集陶器,后收藏于波士顿博物馆。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">内地杂居</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">论争</font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体"> </font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">近代探讨民族起源的动因:</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?? </span>(1)</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日本人</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">、</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日本民族</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">观念的形成;</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?? </span>(2)</span>甲午战争后</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日本帝国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">的形成。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">内地杂居</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">论争即围绕是否保留外国人居留地的争论。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">国体论</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">源流之一。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="宋体">?? </font></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">帝国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">形成前,对欧美强烈的劣等感;</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="宋体">?? </font></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">帝国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">形成后,对欧美的劣等感和对亚洲的优越感。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">混合民族说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">成为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日本帝国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">多民族结构的理论依据。</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">单一民族说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">在战前并不占主导地位。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">井上哲次郎</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="JA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: JA"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ansi-language: JA">いのうえ</span>?<span style="mso-ansi-language: JA">てつじろう</span><span lang="EN-US">(1855-1944)</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA"> <p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">哲学家。毕业于东京帝大。<span lang="EN-US">1884-1890</span>年留学德国。回国后担任东京帝大哲学教授。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1891</span>年发表《敕语衍义》,强调国民道德。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">高山林次郎<span lang="EN-US">(</span>高山樗牛<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4"><span lang="JA" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: JA"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ansi-language: JA">たかやま</span>?<span style="mso-ansi-language: JA">ちょぎゅう</span><span lang="EN-US">(1871-1902)</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA"> <p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">文艺评论家。<span lang="EN-US">1893</span>年进入东京帝大哲学科。《太阳》杂志文学栏主笔。鼓吹日本主义,“君民一致”,发挥“建国精神”。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1897</span>年与井上哲次郎等创办《日本主义》杂志,宣扬狭隘的民族主义。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">日本民族的自我认识</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">战前:</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">混合民族</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">——</span><font face="宋体">家族国家</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">战后:</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">单一民族</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">说</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">20</span>世纪<span lang="EN-US">90</span>年代以后:</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">单一民族</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">? </font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">混合民族</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">?</font></font></p>
8#
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-13 18:57:39 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>二<span lang="EN-US">)</span>关于日本的民族起源</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">民族学的主张</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">(1)</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">人种更替说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">:阿伊努人是日本列岛原住民,被外来种族驱赶至北海道。外来种族成为现代日本人的祖先。<span lang="EN-US"> ----</span>江上波夫</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">骑马民族说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">(2)</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">混血说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">:现代日本人是</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">原日本人</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>绳纹人<span lang="EN-US">)</span>与外来种族混血而成。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">(3)</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">演变说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">(</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">连续说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">)</span>:绳纹人随生活方式改变,体质逐渐演变,成为弥生人、古坟人乃至现代日本人。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">◆从各时代日本人的体质结构看,日本人属于蒙古利亚人种。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">江上波夫与</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">骑马民族说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">绳纹人<span lang="EN-US">(</span>旧石器时代<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">绳纹人模型</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">弥生人</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">渡来系弥生人</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">日本人种遗传距离</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>三<span lang="EN-US">)</span>民族起源研究的意义</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">单一民族?</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">岛国封闭的坩埚</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">现代日本民族是一个同一性、均质性相当高的民族集团,在社会性上具有明显的单一民族特质。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">从近代到战后,日本的民族起源论,并不是人类学的问题,而是一个政治理论。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">外发</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">模式的近代国家建立过程中,由精英制造的民族神话。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">混合民族说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">或</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">单一民族说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">,均是树立近代国家认同的旗帜。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">战前的</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">混合民族说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">是</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">大日本帝国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">民族结构的依据,是</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">国体论</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">、</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">家族国家论</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">的注解。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">战后左派的</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">单一民族说</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">,是对</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">大日本帝国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">殖民统治的否定,但仍然是战后民族认同的旗帜。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">战后对民族主义的否定,并不等于对民族历史的反省。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">天皇与日本人<span lang="EN-US">---</span>日本的民族主义</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">90</span>年代后,</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">混合民族论</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">回归的倾向。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">二、日本国家与国旗?国歌</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">关于</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">大和</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>倭<span lang="EN-US">)</span>国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">日本古时称</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">大和</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>倭<span lang="EN-US">)</span>国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">或</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日之国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">? </span>(1)</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">倭国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">是中国汉代以来对日本的称呼。</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: JA">“</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA"><font face="宋体">倭国</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: JA">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">(</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA">わこく</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">)=</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">“和国”。</span>原意为“多山之地”。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?</span>(2)</span>九州肥后“山门”一词的训读。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?</span>(3)</span>从朝鲜传入的称呼。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: JA"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">“日之国”,既有“肥河之地”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">(</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA">ひのくに</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">)</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">之意,也有“火之国”之意,后演化为“日之国”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: JA"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">关于</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日本</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?? </span>(1)</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日之国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">(</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">火之国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">)</span>的罗马式注音为<span lang="EN-US">hinomoto</span>,大量采用汉字后成为国号。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?? </span>(2)</span>公元<span lang="EN-US">1-2</span>世纪,九州出云地方称</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日出之国</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(hino-kuni)</span>;近畿地方出现</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">大和</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(yamato)</span>以后,两地的地名组合<span lang="EN-US">(hino-kuni+yamato)</span>成为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">hinomoto</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?? </span>(3)</span>中国唐朝赠予的国号。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">Japan</span>:一说为<span lang="EN-US">16</span>世纪从汉语读音<span lang="EN-US">Jih(</span>日<span lang="EN-US">)</span>和<span lang="EN-US">Pung(</span>本<span lang="EN-US">)</span>而来;一说为</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">漆器</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">之意。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">日本国旗</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日章旗<span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: JA">日の丸)</span></font><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">《续日本纪》记载,大宝元年<span lang="EN-US">(701</span></font><font face="宋体">年<span lang="EN-US">)</span>元旦,文武天皇朝贺之礼:“于正门树乌形,左日象青龙朱雀幡,右月象玄武白虎幡”。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">1853-1863</font></span><font face="宋体">年,幕府规定准许将日丸形作为代表国家的标志,船舰统一标志为“白地日丸旗”。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1870</span>年<span lang="EN-US">3</span>月和<span lang="EN-US">10</span>月,分别颁布太政官第<span lang="EN-US">57</span>号、第<span lang="EN-US">651</span>号布告,宣布日本国旗为日章旗:长与宽之比为<span lang="EN-US">3</span>:<span lang="EN-US">2</span>,“太阳”中心点与旗面中心重叠。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">日本国歌</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ansi-language: JA">君が代</span>。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">歌词为《古今和歌集》的贺歌。称</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">君王的朝代</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">曲调为雅乐调。<span lang="EN-US">1880</span>年由宫内省雅乐课林广守创作。</font></font></p>
9#
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-13 18:57:53 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">日本国花</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?? </span>---</span>樱花</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">皇室徽章<span lang="EN-US">----</span>菊纹</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">靖国神社的菊纹神门</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">日本的国鸟<span lang="EN-US">----</span>雉</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">日本的年号</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">明治维新以后,制订《元号法》。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">明治<span lang="EN-US">(1868-1912)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">大正<span lang="EN-US">(1912-1925)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体">昭和<span lang="EN-US">(1925-1989)</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">平成<span lang="EN-US">(1989-</span>今<span lang="EN-US">)</span>:取自《尚书?大禹》“地平天成,万世永顺”。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年为平成<span lang="EN-US">17</span>年。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">三、日本的原初文明与民族性格</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?? </span>(</span>一<span lang="EN-US">)</span>日本的原初文明</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?? </span>(</span>二<span lang="EN-US">)</span>日本的民族性格</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">?? </span>(</span>三<span lang="EN-US">)</span>关于日本民族性的研究</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>一<span lang="EN-US">)</span>日本的原初文明</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">森林文明</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="JA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">梅原猛</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA">(</span></font><span lang="JA" style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA">うめはら</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA"><font face="宋体"> </font></span><span lang="JA" style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA">たけし</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA"><font face="宋体">)<p></p></font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">哲学家。京都国际日本文化研究中心顾问、原所长。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">《森林思想<span lang="EN-US">----</span>日本文化的原点》<span lang="EN-US">(</span>中译本<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,中国国际广播出版社,<span lang="EN-US">1993</span>年版。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">原著出版于<span lang="EN-US">1987</span>年。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">海洋文明</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: JA"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="JA" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">川胜平太</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: JA">(</span></font><span lang="JA" style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA">かわかつ</span><span lang="JA" style="mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA"><font face="宋体"> </font></span><span lang="JA" style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: JA; mso-fareast-language: JA">へいた</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: JA"><font face="宋体">)<p></p></font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">原早稻田大学教授、现京都国际日本文化研究中心教授。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">《文明的海洋史观》,中央公论社,<span lang="EN-US">1997</span>年版。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">日本原初文明的形成</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">同一个民族,生活在大致相同的自然风土及历史和社会条件下,培育出大致相同的民族性格特征,成为原初文明形成之源。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">一个民族的基本性格及其文明形态的形成,是经过悠久的历史和复杂的风土,包括自然环境以及政治、经济、社会环境的铸造,与文化、宗教等精神形态同时构成和发展起来的。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">日本原初文明的特征</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">在冰河时代最后一个</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">冰期</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>约<span lang="EN-US">25000</span>至<span lang="EN-US">15000</span>年前<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,由于 </font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">海退</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">现象,日本海被对马陆桥隔断。其后气候变暖,日本列岛降水增多,森林增加。日本列岛上的人类开始制造陶器,主要生活依赖森林的动植物资源。<span lang="EN-US">----</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">森林文明</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">特征。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">约<span lang="EN-US">1</span>万年前,冰河时代结束,海面上升,陆桥消失,日本列岛与大陆隔绝。日本列岛上的人类开始向海洋寻求食物来源。</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">海洋文明</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">由此发生。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">今天所见日本列岛的自然风土,大致形成于<span lang="EN-US">8000</span>年前。这是日本原初文明的基础。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">日本原初文明的特征<span lang="EN-US">----</span>人与自然的共生</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">日本列岛的自然环境,没有提供内发出农耕文明的条件,但却形成了人与自然的特殊紧密关系。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">日本人最初的文明意识,不是从宗教式的伦理道德和哲学思考当中产生出来,而是从人与自然的共生、人与自然密不可分的民俗式思考当中产生的。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体" size="3">人与自然的亲和与一体感,人与自然的共生,成为日本原初文明一大特征。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">阿伊奴人为熊</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">送灵</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>二<span lang="EN-US">)</span>日本人的民族性格</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">和</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">的意识和性格</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">自然风土的柔和是日本人自然观、生命观的起点。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本民族神话:缺少英雄神。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">所谓</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">和</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">,即表现在事物观察上的一如性和相对性。即万事万物皆可融合为一体,没有对立和***,异质的事物也可调和共存。<span lang="EN-US">----</span>相对主义。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">和</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">意识来自原初文明的顺从自然。是日本文明在精神层面的重要范畴,也是</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日本精神</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">的力量所在。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">调和与统一的性格是日本民族性的第一大特征。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">大国主神与众神</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">纤细?简素?淡泊</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">枯山水</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">(</span>三<span lang="EN-US">)</span>关于日本民族性的研究</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日本人论</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">在中、日、韩三国中,日本人最热衷探讨自己的民族特性。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">迄今为止,在日本出版的</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“</span><font face="宋体">日本人论</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Batang; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">”</span><font face="宋体">著作,已有<span lang="EN-US">1300</span>余种。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">日本人关于民族性的探讨,始于明治维新。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1891</span>年,三宅雪岭《真善美日本人》、《伪恶丑日本人》。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1907</span>年,芳贺矢一《国民性十论》。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1916</span>年,津田左右吉《我国国民思想的研究》。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">??????? </span></span>大町桂月《剖析日本人的民族性》。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">战前的研究</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1935</span>年,和辻哲郎《风土》</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1935</span>年,坂口安吾《日本文化私观》</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1938</span>年,长谷川如是闲《日本的性格》、《续日本的性格》。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1940</span>年,西村直次《日本人及其文化》。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">战后的研究</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">南博《日本人的心理》、《日本人论》</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">山本七平《日本人与犹太人》</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">会田雄次《日本人的意识结构》</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">土居健郎《依赖心理的结构》</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">中根千枝《纵向社会的人际关系》</font></font></p>
10#
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-13 18:58:01 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">深作光贞《日本文化及日本人论》</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">鹤见和子《好奇心和日本人》</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">宫城音弥《日本人是谁?》</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">荒木博之《日本人的行动方式》</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">l</span></span><font face="宋体">中村元《日本人的思维方式》,等。</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体" size="3">中根千枝及其著作</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体" size="3">?</font></p></span></p>
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