Which of the following is true according to the passage?
{A} Environmentalists were blamed for antiscience in an essay.
{B} Politicians are not subject to the labeling of antiscience.
{C} The "more enlightened" tend to tag others as antiscience.
{D} Tagging environmentalists as "antiscience" is justifiable.
这是一道设计非常巧妙的考题,据说当年答对本题的考生不到5%,因为这道题考了太多 的细节,而且每一个选项都有似曾相识的感觉,更何况本题如果以中心思想来判断的话是非 常难的,因为选项中本身就暗藏着陷阱。本题的直接依据是文中的这样一句话:But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay is US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest。
这里提醒所有考生注意一点:当你感觉到每一个选项似乎都对、都不对的时候千万要回 头再看看那些你认为一定不正确的选项,也许一个小小的留意就可以让你轻易拿到两分,而 且是和别人拉开差距的两分。本题的关键是A项中的短语in an essay,这个隐藏在角落里的 小东西直接决定了答案是A。
我们再来看看1992年的一道真题:
It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ____.
{A} prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface
{B} mean a warming up in the Arctic
{C} account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere
{D} raise the temperature of the earth's surface
本题的答案是D,尽管D看起来太短了一点太直接了一点,这一点令许多大师高手认为的 答案应当复杂化深刻化的感觉不快。我们现在看看为什么C不对,因为C也有直接依据:Also, the increase in atmospheric would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possible resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food-growing zones。因为 carbon dioxide导致raise the temperature of the earth's surface,那当然也可能导致great changes in the climate。也就是说单单从短文的角度来说选项C是正确的,不过短文中的great changes in the climate却是未来的推测,不是现时的影响,所以选项C是一个似是而非不符 合题意的选项,错。
本题考的直接依据是文中的这样一句话:In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative though。在这里笔者并不想讨论答案的原委,因为选项A、B和C 是三个并列项,一对皆对、一错皆错,所以答案是D。笔者想要说的却是尽管如此简单的题 可还是有大量考生在考试中答错了,为什么呢?因为他们认为scientific method是照抄的原 文,似乎太简单而直接,但却没有看到这依然是一种最接近原文的近义替换,所以他们不仅没有想到如此,而且抛开了“直接依据是答案的唯一最终标准”的总则,最终饮恨不已。
表面肤浅而内涵深刻的例子还有一点,比如刚刚在上面举的这个例子{D} raise the temperature of the earth's surface,看起来似乎太简单了一点,可她恰恰就是你的追求。所以 在技巧的应用过程中要细心体察“近义替换”和“照抄原文”的区别,根据实际情况与时俱进。
本题答案C对应的并不是最后几个自然段,其直接依据是短文的第一段:Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge。这显然和“后发”非答案有矛盾,不过它体现了文章的中心思想,也不无道理。 所以在应试中要仔细考虑、思量,务必不要放走任何一个。
According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
{A} Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.
{B} Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.
{C} Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.
{D} Steve Ross is no longer alive.
因为这道题考的是第二、第三两个大自然段的细节题,所以在紧张的考场上很难迅速找 到每一个选项的直接依据,四个选项看起来都正确但似乎又都有问题,这个时候的比较是非 常重要的,仔细看来,选项A、B和短文中的直接依据恰好相反,选项C中的united as one 在短文中没有根据支持,现在只剩下了选项D,初看起来D在四个选项中是最象“坏蛋”的, 但此时比较的结果是必须给予它直接的依据,结果在文中找到这样一句话:At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992。用即读即 译阅读短文时对于late的理解可以是“过去的、上一任的、已故的”意思,在无法给予选项 A、B、C以充分的依据的情况下,比较而言D更有道理。应当是最优答案。果然如此。