介词:如on, in, with, at, of, to等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语,所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。
不定式符号to:不定式常常构成不定式短语做定语或者状语修饰语,所以也可以是拆分点。
分词:过去分词和现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语,所以可以是拆分点。
标点符号:标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分,也是一个明显的拆分点。
例如:
例1 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(35词,2003年62题)
拆分句子:
句子的主干是:Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry,
定语从句:which后面是一个定语从句,其先行词是social science,
方式状语:in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner是方式状语,其中的reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned是并列定语,修饰manner,
定语从句:that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena是定语从句,其先行词是manner。
拆分后句子的总结构是:
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and
主句 定语从句
their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner
方式状语
that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
二、句子的组合
改变原文顺序,组合汉语译文
究竟如何改变原文顺序,完全要根据汉语习惯来安排,但是也是有一定的规律可以遵循的。比如说:
这样,上面的两个句子可以把句子重新组合成:
例1
1)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry主干,“社会科学是知识探索的一个分支”;
2)which seeks to study humans and their endeavors定语从句比较复杂,可以放在所修饰的先行词后面,“它试图研究人类及其行为”;
3)in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner方式状语,如果照原来顺序放在动词后面不是太通顺,可以放到动词“试图”后面翻译成“它试图以一种。。。的方式来研究人类及其行为”;
4)that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.定语从句直接放到所修饰的词“方式”前面,“自然科学家用来研究自然想象那样同样的方式”;