It is in creating the artificial and controllable that science excels. Science and engineering have made it possible to construct the partially artificial surroundings we live in today, replete with huge bridges, trucks, airplanes, antibiotics and genetically altered species. We are likely to build an increasingly artificial, and hence increasingly knowable world.
Two limitations may constrain the march of predictability. First, as the artifacts of science and engineering grow ever larger and more complex, they may themselves become unpredictable. For example, large pieces of software, as they are expanded and amended, can develop a degree of complexity reminiscent of natural objects, and they can and do believe in disturbing and unpredictable ways.
Cyberspace, of course, is bigger than a telephone call. It encompasses the millions of personal computers connected by modems via the telephone system to commercial online services, as well as the millions more with high - speed links to local area networks, office E-mail systems and the Internet. It includes the rapidly expanding wireless services: microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellular phone and data traffic; communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit; low - flying satellites that will soon crisscross the globe like angry bees connecting folks too far - flung or too much on the go to be fastened by wires. Someday even our television sets may he part of cyberspace, transformed into interactive teleputers" by so- called full- service networks like the ones several cable - TV companies are building along the old cable lines, using fiber optics arid high speed switches.
Passage 4
世界知识产权组织—英语简称为“WIPO—The World Intellectual Property Organization”¾是根据1967年在斯德哥尔摩签订的公约而成立的,该公约于1970年生效,中国于1980年6月3日加入公约。
The world Intellectual Property Organization, or WIPO for short, --was set up according to the treaty signed in Stockholm in 1967. This treaty was put into effect in 1970. China was invited to join the treaty On June 3rd, 1980.
The world Intellectual Property Organization is an organization among governments whose headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. It is one of the specialized institutions under the United Nations’ intellectual property system. The headquarters is in charge of improving the protection of the world intellectual properties in the world sphere through the international cooperation.
The intellectual properties include two main parts: the industrial properties and the publishing properties.
The industrial property protection is mainly concerned with the protection of the inventions in trademarks and designs of industrial products. It also stipulates the prohibition of improper competition. The former three aspects have something in common for their exclusive methods in protecting intellectual properties, such as inventions, trademarks and the product surface outlooks, etc. However, it has nothing to do with the patent rights in prohibiting unfair competition. It is mainly about the prevention of unfair competitions in dishonest business behaviors.
The protection of publication properties is usually concerned with that of literary and art works, whose forms may include literature, music, painting, cubic products or their combinations (such as operas and films). Almost all the countries copy rights stipulate the protection of the following types of works: literature, music, fine arts, photograghs and film photography.
Morris was caught up in the paradoxthat faces all artists, designers and craftworkers; how to make beautiful things for the mass market without incurring prohibitively high costsalong the way. Morris hated the idea of pandering to what he called the "swinish luxury of the rich". But his only solution was to advocate the end of the capitalist system of production This was an unrealistic goal in an age when technological innovation -- especially in the area of mass-production - was economically advantageous to business. In the end, Morris hid to face reality; that his refusal to adopt the machine and de-skill his beloved craftsmen and women (he was a great championof women's rights) meant that he could only produce luxury goods for the upper classes.