I‘d say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal.
(1997年考研题, belong表示归属,不用于进行式)
He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night.
(1990年考研题,see表示结果,不用于进行式)
2. 不用will/shall表达将来时的形式:
(1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图;
(2)arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作;
(3)be to (do)表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事,如:
Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided.
(4)be about to (do)表示将要(做),如:
Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his political leaders.
(5)be on the point /verge of (doing)表示“马上就要”,一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用;
(6)be, begin, come, depart, get off, go, leave, return, start的一般现在时表示按日历或时刻表要发生的将来动作或事件,如:
If you want your film to be properly processed, you‘ll have to wait and pick it up on Friday, which is the day after tomorrow.
(画线部分一般不用will be)
(7)在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如:
I don‘t know where he will go tomorrow. 我不知道他明天去哪儿。(宾语从句)
I‘ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来。(宾语从句)
比较:I‘ll tell him when you ring again.你再打时我告诉他。(状语从句)
(8)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如:
See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn‘t know the answer to last time.
(include 不能用will include或其他形式)
3.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语:
(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时。如:
We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.
(表示1919年时已发生的情况)
(2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时。如:
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.
I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.
(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months,主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时。如:
The changes that howe taken place place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.
It is four years since John left school.
(4)在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中,谓语动词常用现在完成时。如:
It isn‘t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.
Although a teenager, Fred could resist being told what to do and what not to do.
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
2.动名词做介词短语
考生尤其要识别下列短语中的to是介词,不是不定式符号:
object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, prefer…to, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to.如:
There was no sign that Mr. Jospin , who keeps a firm control on the party despite having resigned from leadership of it, would intervene personally.
Our modern civilization must not be thought of as having been created in a short period of time.
Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.
As the children become financially independent of the family, the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.
Everyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery being just around the corner was untrue.
分词
分词起形容词和副词的作用,在句中做定语或状语。在概念上考生应清楚:
● 现在分词表示主动,表示动作在进行。
● 过去分词表示被动,表示动作结束了的状态或结果。
1.分词做定语,弄清现在分词与过去分词的区别
分词短语做定语相当于省略了的定语从句,考生应掌握:
(1)现在分词与被修饰词之间具有主动意义。如:
It‘s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.(相当于the changes which take place……)
There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相当于which gave……)
How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?(相当于How many of us who will attend……)
(2)过去分词与被修饰词之间具有被动意义。如:
Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.
(相当于…recapture of the port which had been announced…)
Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone added to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.
(相当于…each new phone which is added to…)
The author gave a detailed description based on his personal observation of nature.