1、历届真题
从91年开始——第一次考研作文命题,基本上和托福作文命题差不多
“Where to live ,in the city or the country?”
title 开头有一句话 :Some people think that people living in the country enjoy more advantages than those who live in the city.
outline
1.convenoences of the city
2.attractions of the country
3.disadvantages of both
4.my preference
Private Car
Nowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car if he can afford it.
Outline:
1.advantages of owning a private car
2.disadvantages of owning a private car
3.should it be necessary to enlarge the private car market? Why or why not?
如果认为不应该发展小汽车,最后一段就写不应该发展小汽车的几个理由。
如果最后一段表示支持,调整结构:
第1段写小汽车的好处
第2段写小汽车的坏处
第3段写为什么要发展小汽车
92年——标题
For a better understanding between parent and child
1.Present situation: lack of communication between parent and child
2.possible reasons: a different likes and dislikes
b. misunderstanding
c. others
3.suggestions: a. for parents b. for children
第二段不管是单数还是复数,都应该写几个理由
第三段不管是单数还是复数,至少要写到两点
详细记录92年提纲——经典题型之一
93年——Advertisement on TV
1.Present state 2.Reasons 3.My comments
94年——On making friends
1.the need for friendship(为什么要交朋友)
2.true friendship(解释性段落——十大经典段落之一)——参看97年1月四、六级考试 写掉这三个段落 《大学英语考试高分作文》
3.my principle in making friends
95年——The project hope
1.present situation 2.necessity of the project 3.my suggestion
96年(不成功)——Good health
1.importance of good health 2.ways to keep fit 3.my own practice
97年依然不成功
1.interpret the pictures
2.predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons
98年图画作文
一只母鸡拿着一张纸,上面写着“如此承诺”——本母鸡承诺下的鸡蛋有蛋清、蛋黄、蛋壳……,旁边有一首打油诗
1.write out the message conveyed by the cartoon
2.give your comments
99年
Directions:
1.your essay should cover these three points:
2.possible reason for the effect
3.your suggestion for wild life protection
essay:论文——introduction, body, conclusion
历史留给我们的是
1、几个经典段落 2、outline(思路)
图画作文比较公正客观
92年是第一个经典题型,99年是第二个经典题型
2000年是第3大经典题型
1.Describe the picture(描述图表——十大经典段落之一)
2.Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures(画家的意图——十大经典段落之一)
3.Suggest your countermeasures
98年命题不成功——没有想到现实生活中人是怎么欣赏漫画的
2000年 1、看画 2、画家想干嘛 3、看了画以后会要采取什么行动
A brief history of world commercial fishing
漫画不需要动很多脑筋 看漫画时不需要想太多
2000年
As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly that with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes sharply/dramatically decreased. In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900.On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, with(but的重心在后面,with的重心在前面) many fishing-boats.
The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decreased. If we let this situation continue/go as it is, we won''''t know where fish is in the future. By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction.
Therefore, it is imperative for us to take effective measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a bright future.
1、本文185个词 2、12个句子 第1段3句话,53个单词 第2段4句话,60个单词
第3段5句话,72个单词
提纲第一点里面要你干什么你就干什么
1。代表一种方向(问题有,又有解决问题的方案,构成整体的漫画)
Today, the earth''''s deserts are spreading and getting larger and desertification is a serious problem facing the world. The major reason for this is irresponsible cutting down of trees. As is shown in the first cartoon, when people cut down trees desert forces on and becomes irrepressible. 第一段就在分析原因
作文在判卷的时候注重两个方面:语言、内容
1、句子的主语和谓语是否一致 2、时态 3、名次的单复数
4、定冠词和不定冠词 5、搭配 6、单词的拼写
套用句型时要对句型部分句法结构功能特别清晰
词汇两个方面 :1词汇面的宽度 2词汇的难度
语法的两个原则:1语法的精确性 2语法的复杂性
the caption =the words read 漫画中的说明文字
具体的东西抽象化,抽象的东西具体化。
As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly the relationship between people and the deserts. In the first picture, people are fleeing from greedy sand hills because they have cut down all the trees. The caption reads: As the sand advantages, we retreat in the second picture, the people have returned carrying tools, water and young trees to plant the land again. The caption reads: As we advance, the sand retreats. 描述图片
2001年大纲样题
Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies still claim that they male a valuable contribution to the world economy. There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints.
Write an essay to the newspaper
1)criticizing(评论) their view and
2)justify your stand.
In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below. You should write about 200 words on answer sheet 2.
(picture: the year 1997)
原来的经典图表题:提纲+图表
1、描述图片
2、几个可能的理由
3、建议措施
经典题型之五:
现在的图表题:场景+提纲+图表
十大经典段落
1现状 2解释性段落 3描述性段落(图表图画) 开头段落
4原因列举(a list of reason)—— 主体段落
5举例(2001年考研题,参看97年1月四六级考题)
6意图分析 7利和弊(自己总结) ——中间段落
8结尾(自己总结) 9建议措施 10预测未来
学术性英语的功能段落 不是survival 而是academic
范文三
在写一些文章时,不可避免的会有一些核心概念。避免重复。
人口增长、野生动物、灭绝、构成危险
突出写作的语言意识。
The two charts....
increase in the U.S. population has been accompanied...
corresponding
decline
Far too many 太多的
species have been lost already 被动语态——表明立场
This poses a danger to 被……构成危险
As the human population expands, more and more wild animals are hunted for food...
or because...
they are thought to...
present a threat to...
but studies show that one of the primary causes...
disappearance
this makes us wonder...
other life forms 与其他生命方式
in harmony 和睦相处
share this planet 共享这个星球
In my opinion,
it is imperative to 迫切的
In my opinion, it is imperative to take step to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts. One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction. But, more importantly, man must learn to stop polluting the environment, or he himself will become extinct.
reverse (a.)相反的(v.)逆转过来
disturbing 令人困惑的
illustrated in the charts
One measure would be to...
But ,more importantly,
forbid
extinction
stop polluting the environment
or 表示否则
1、人口增长了几次?
...the increase in the U.S. population
As the human population expands...
...population growth...
2、野生动物。
...wildlife species...
...species...
...wild animals...
...wildlife...
...other life forms...
...wild life....
3、野生动物的消亡、灭绝
...have been lost already...
...disappearance of wildlife...
...extinction.
...become extinct.
4、构成危险。
...poses a danger to...
...present a thread to...
...is threatened with...
听 力
基础:phonetics, vocabulary
语调 intonation:不同的语调有不同的意思
Part A:内容简单,长度比较短,语速比较快。抓细节
Part B:内容较多,300词左右。短时记忆的内容较多。
Part C:200-300单词,只读一遍
推测题较难:细节题问原因较难(why, how)等需要作因果判断
根据提干判断信息题的种类:评分标准:按照英、美拼写方式都可,注意前两节对大小写(专有名词除外)和标点符号不作要求,但拼写错误不给分。
应试技巧:“读、猜、听、写、查”
读题是最关键的一部分;然后猜出内容;猜得准确听才会更容易抓;写的时候注意用简写;最后检查错误。
五、场景:熟悉场景的文章,科普文章(草履虫paramecium;知了cicada)
Part A涉及场景:旅游信息;申请表格;地理场景;电话咨询场景;学生生活;
学生生活:学校生活的评价;与课程相关;论文和课外研究(paper theme, survey, questionnaire),学习方法。
旅游场景:旅游知识的问答
申请表格:人名、地名、专有名词(申请表格,保单)
地理场景:地理描述、相关信息描述
电话咨询:委婉语气[could, would]
重点:时间、价钱、人名、地名、专有名词
Part B涉及场景:新闻和天气预报;健康;音乐;历史;应聘场景;
Part C涉及场景:图书馆场景;新闻场景;授课场景[自然科学,社会科学]
background ,setting——熟悉的场景相对简单
生词——作为信息提示点
注意:听力课程:
1、PART A表格题解题思路,如何面对。
2、做前四个练习,语言点。
3、除解题思路,还应该注意那些情况。
4、从哪方面准备听力,而不应该做什么。
5、做第一套题,补充词汇。
表格题的解题思路:
1、扫描横纵轴,理解其内容。
2、判断缺失信息。
3、注意问答。有可能出现次序混乱,把信息放在信息提示点之前。
4、注意简写。Sociology
5、数字及人名拼读规律。
6、注意单复数及特殊符号。
语言点:
sort them out:解决了一些问题 sortv.)分类; (n.)种类(=kind); 一类人 sort out the problem a good sort:好人
or so: 大约(放在时间、数字的后面) about, around, some 放在时间、数字的前面 some twelve people, some thirteen days
worth:形容词做表语 worthy:定语 worthwhile:<文>
数字:
1、“十几”,“几时” 根据单词的重音,听的发音越不清楚的越可能是“几十”。
2、“四十几”,“五十几”及“六十几” 根据中间的元音区分
3、“几百八十几” 根据中间的元音区分。辅音出现弱读。
情态动词:can ,may, must
Can I ...?/could you please...?/Would you please...?
could/would 表示委婉
对can的回答:yes, you can. /No, you can''''t.
-- Can I do...? --Yes, you may. -- May I do...? --Yes, you can. -- Must I do...? --Yes, you must./No, you needn''''t.
语气:-- Would you mind if I do .my doing sth. ?
-- No, go ahead. /Absolutely not. I''''m sorry. Please do not.(委婉) Sure, I do.(生硬)
人名:-- What''''s your name? What''''s your first/given name? Given name Middle name Family(surname/last) name
用语:hold on:等一会儿=wait a sec
字母:听拼写可能不清楚,从单词里区分
字母:(听拼写可能不清楚,从单词里区分)Murray , Marian
人名第一个单词大写,除非第一个单词是small
van/von=of ,from 字母v ,b发音(Vernon) 字母j, h (St. Jose圣*和赛 Don Juan唐*黄)
表格题应该注意的四个方面:
1、没有拼写的专有名词 2、数字计算:(less ,more ,before, later)3、拼写:(读音规则)4、次序混乱。(拿横轴和纵轴去定位)
练习方式:纠音(录音。注意抓意群、语音、语调)(材料:教材、新概念)、
听写(单句听写)(复述——辅助练习)、
记笔记:(记下主要信息)
(听一个15个单词的句子,两遍之内写完)
推荐教材:《Listen To This》何其莘 《Step By Step》(新)
1、每天练习听力不要超过两个小时,但不能少于半个小时。
2、英语环境不是主要的,要听就要仔细听。
3、不要听英语新闻。
4、不要听太难的材料。
5、读原文和读答案的问题。不要先看原文及答案。
Test 1
Part A
5)分总状况出现,“和”是答案
如果三个数字互不相干,选择最后一个。
Part C
11)lecture:上课、 tutorial:课下辅导
A tutorial is perhaps where most of the learning occurs at a university.
13)don''''t do sth. or you will ran the risk.
15)搞清身份(如果搞不清,可选择后面的观点)
16)I''''ll miss teaching this class. You''''re all good at expressing your views, which makes it an interesting class.
18)be fond of 搞清身份
听时要抓意群,而不是单个的单词。
做题时要留出时间来做题。
读,猜,听、写、查
做问答题和填空题的解体思路
1、扫描题干,画出核心词
核心词是对句子意思影响最重要的词。
和信息可以是:1、否定词 2、时间 3、专有名词 4、比较级,最高级 5、(程度)副词
否定词可以是:only, few ,little ,less
时间可以是:soon, later
When will Mary go back to London? London is a good place to retire to.
(until/after her retirement)(when/after she retires)
如果专有名词不是用来被选或写的,那么就是提供信息的。
2、判断所缺信息
(1)如果是问问题,看疑问代词或副词是在问什么信息种类。
(2)如果是填空题,看缺什么成分
3、听时注意核心词的同义词和反义词以及题干句子结构
We see the heroes of the violent films as role models.
Some of us regard or see the heroes of the violent films as role models.
4、简写形式
5、用语法和常识检查答案,及二次查漏补缺 静,空
You should have the way of thinking in English. unconsciousness
Exercise 6
预测:(1)表语/形容词 两个以上的形容词
(5)复数
(4)rhythm/melody 注意重复信息
检查时要注意漏掉的信息,找题干和题干的关系
补充关于天气的词汇
drizzle/sprinkler 毛毛雨 /light rain 小雨 /rain /heavy rain /shower雷阵雨/downpour=rain cats and dogs/ storm
breeze/ weak wind/ wind/ strong wind/ hurricane/ typhoon台风/ twister龙卷风 /tornado龙卷风
cold/ hot / freezing/ boiling/ chilly=cold/ warm/ cool(I''''m cool.我随便)/mild /balmy/ I think /I reckon
settled/ settle down/ setting/ changeable The weather is settled.
补充关于新闻的词汇:
drought/ flood/ famine/ earthquake/ magnitude seven on Richard scale(七级地质)/volcano eruption(active/ extinct/ dormant)/accident/ crush(飞机)/ sink(loss)(船)/ derail(火车)
选修课:courses/ elective/ elective/ optional/ nonsubject
必须课:subject/ required/ obligatory
place/ on/ call sb. at/ call sb. on +电话号码/give sb. a call(ring)
1、作选择题的技巧
1)扫描提干,划出核心词
核心词可以是实意动词,否定词,专有名词,时间,比较级,最高级,程度副词。
2)综合观察选项
3)要注意的5个原则:所听即所得,顺序原则,最近答案原则,常识原则,同义相斥原则。
Exercise 13
11)注意通过定语等限定词去定位
13)综合观察选项
所听即所得 survival English/ academic English
顺序原则,还要注意基本定位
听到一组数字,一组地名,一组名词词组,一组名词短语,在没听到的情况下,选最后一个。
同义相斥原则: boring/ dull depressing/ gloomy
主旨题 主题句可能在开头段,结尾段和重复的信息中出现。要边听边做
NBA shoot/ score / slap down National Football League
soccer NFL(National Football League) super bowl
NHL(National ice-Hockey League) MLS(Major League Soccer)
MLB(Major League Baseball) home run
It''''s a nice home run. 做得很好/ I home run it.我成功了/ touch down
rugby/ cricket/ swimming/ style/ stroke/ freestyle/ backstroke/ butterfly
track and field/ dash(短跑)/ dasher/ splinter/ high jump/ long jump/ pole jump(撑杆跳)/ triple jump/ hop step and jump/ javelin(标枪)/ discus(铁饼)/ shot(铅球)/ squash(壁球)
/ billiard ball(台球)/ golf / par(标准球)/ biddy(小鸟球)/ eagle(老鹰球)/ tennis / soft ball/ controlling a sail board / arm muscles
永陪选项,还包括绝对选项和自我否定选项。
关于图书馆的词汇补充
lending department/ catalog/ index/ author catalog/ subject catalog/ alphabetically(按字母顺序)/ loan card(借书证)/ stacks(书库)/ overdue(过期)/ fine(罚款)/ renew(续借)/renew
听到promise/ suggestion要正向去推 order的话不一定
language/ body/ time/ gift/ service
result/ information/ conclusion
Text 2
hotel/ motel/ B&B(bed and breakfast)/ home stay
注意:要注意听力的最后一句话。
19)killing/ displacing/ genetically mixing(与当地人通婚)
20)A、B、同一相斥原则
常识原则和同一相斥原则
part c中的选择题
分为主旨题,细节题,推测题
主旨题要抓的是第一段的第一句和第二句或转折词后的信息,最后一段
in conclusion, to sum up, in a word, in a sentence, in the end
重复的信息是主旨
关于对话的主旨:1、first topic 2、identification
extension(延期) paper, essay, thesis, dissertation
细节题:注意核心词和所缺信息
why, how的问题是比较难的,要找because, since, as, for, because of, due to, such...that, so...that, lead to
迷惑项:绝对选项,信息修正(p13,q19),部分正确整体不正确(p13,q14&q17),无效选项(p17,e15,q3)
推测题:advice, suggestion, promise, order, don''''t do sth.
语气和用词(p23,t1,q13)
Test 4
part A
further education 继续教育
Physical Fitness Instructor 健身教练 help the individuals to get body shaping
Sports Administrator 经纪人 professional athlete职业运动员
Physical Education Teacher 体育教师 recreation officer 健身官员
part B
tertiary education 高等教育 primary 初级的 secondary 中级的
Somebody walks proudly. A man walks with pride.
tutorial 课外辅导 seminar 研讨会 speaking skills 说话的技巧
organize what we say.
taking the floor= interrupting
part C
12、such large taxes that
15、It was not uncommon for a dentist to make house calls to wealthy patients.
16、simply to rip the teeth from the mouth with brute force.
rip n.浪头,浪子 return of the rip 浪子回头
17、主旨题 decline
the movie market have been in a decline for the later half of the 20th century.
Even when the higher ticket prices are considered, this represented a serious decline in movie industry.
20、dropped out their staff
Test 7
顺序上的三个例外:not, instead of, than
It is A not/ instead of B.
11、welcome to our regular lecture on health issues.
12、a sport celebrity运动名人
14、junk 废物
16、but I''''m expecting individual examples from every group and I want to see strong points for both sides.
Text 5
应聘场景 bright反应快的 highly-motivated上进心强的 well organized办事有条理的
be of ability and flexibility 适应性强 dynamic and honest The best policy is to be honest
energetic精力旺盛的 good people skill良好的人际关系 resourceful应变能力强的
If I were in your shoes如果我在你的立场上
He stands on the issue of federalism. What do you stand on this point?
Ask not what the country has done for you, ask what you have done for the country.
英音与美音发音的差异
1、元音的差异 or, ar , er He is famous in our country. chance, laugh boss, bus, possible
It is hot in Beijing in summer?
2、辅音的差异 wh which ,whistle; t take me a cup of water
重音后面会弱读 write me letter button
3、语调的区别,重音的区别 I have a dream. advertisement/ adult/ necessarily/ ordinarily
Have you something?(英)/ Do you have something.(美)作者: babyfish001 时间: 2006-9-5 21:51
谢谢!!!!!!!!