标题: [可以申请版主吗]模拟联合国文件写作 ,我们自己整理的!三 [打印本页] 作者: zhoujb296 时间: 2011-3-16 13:19 标题: [可以申请版主吗]模拟联合国文件写作 ,我们自己整理的!三 例1： Working Paper Sample(1)
Committee: International Fishery Committee
Topic: Global fishery and management
Sponsor: Panama, Guatemala, Nigaruagua
As countries with prospering fishing industry, also as countries that pay great attention to the maintainance of biodiversity, we strive to solve negative effects brought about during fishery process. One of the major problems is bycatch.
A vivid definition of bycatching:
Imagine you are a the old man in Old Man and the Sea, and you want to catch some shrimp for lunch. If when you trawl up your net, except for the poor shrimps you want, there is also a dinasour struggling in the net, then you have just BY-CAUGHT: catching something you do not intend to catch.
How serious is by-catch?
According to the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, in the Gulf of Mexico, three pounds of bycatch are caught for every pound of shrimp that goes to market. According to the Worldwide Fund for Nature, in the Gulf of Thailand it can be 14 pounds of bycatch per pound of shrimp. Bycatch is often discarded dead or dying by the time it is returned to the sea. Trawl nets in general, and shrimp trawls in particular, have been identified as sources of mortality for species of concern, including cetaceans. Sea turtles, already critically endangered, have been killed by the thousands in shrimp trawl nets.
How to reduce by-catch?
To reduce bycatch, we propose ways as follows:
1. We recommand the "bycatch reduction device" (BRD) and the Nordmore grate that
help fish escape from shrimp nets.
2. We encourage trawlers to outfit their nets with trap-door "Turtle excluder device," or TEDs, to let sea turtles escape.
3. As the size selectivity of trawl nets is often controlled by the size of the openings in the net, especially in the "cod end", the larger the size of the openings, the more easily small fish can escape, so we support the use of appropriately larger sizes of openings.
4. We appeal to further carry out the development and testing of modifications to fishing gear to improve selectivity and decrease impact, which is called "conservation
engineering."
DISCARDS, form a major part of the bycatch of a fishing operation. Discards are theportion of a catch of fish which is not retained on board during commercial fishingoperations and is returned, often dead or dying, to the sea. Discarding impacts on theenvironment in two ways; firstly, through increased mortality to target and non-targetspecies, particularly at juvenile life-history stages, and secondly, through alteration offood webs by supplying increased levels of food to scavenging organisms on the seafloor, and to sea birds.
So, in addition to efforts to reduce the amount of bycatch caught in nets, we also appeal to implement programs to effectively utilize bycatch species, rather than throwing the fish back into the ocean. One such use of bycatch is the formulation of fish hydrolysate that can be used as a soil amendment in organic agriculture.