标题: 考研熟记系列之一_介词短语99句 [打印本页] 作者: 林の声音 时间: 2006-4-14 01:54 标题: 考研熟记系列之一_介词短语99句 1．You can already buy small video telephones，with builtin-screen and cameras，that transmit still images over regular telephone lines to anyone else with avideo telephone．
2．The scientific worker attempts to formulate these problems in accurate terms and to solve them in the light of all the relevant facts that can be collected by observation and experiment．
科学工作者力图精确地描述这些问题，然后根据通过观察和实验收集到的有关事实来解决这些问题。(介词短语in accurate terms作方式方法状语，说明to formulate。in the light．．．experiment作方式方法状语，说明tosolve。)
3．The atom is analogous to a miniature solar system，with a nucleus as the“sun''’and electrons as the“planets''’revolving in orbits around the nucleus．
4．The unit of heat on the c．g．s．system is the calorie，which is established as the amount of heat required to raise one gramme of water by one degree centigrade．
by所引导的介词短语是raise要求的，这里by表示数量增减的绝对值。例如：increase by 10％，“增加10％”；decrease by two orders of magnitude，“减小两个数量级”。)
5．Sometimes the individual crystals，with plane faces and sharp edges and corners，are visible to the naked eye,and sometimes they can be seen only under a microscope．
6．Modern Japan and other Oriental countries are emerging with the irresistible urge for better standards of living and anovel， powerful role in the world’s economy．
7．Liquids，however，are highly incompressible；that is，very large pressures，of the order of thousands of tons per square inch，are required to diminish their volumes appreciably．
但是，液体是非常不易压缩的；要明显地压缩液体的体积，就需要巨大的压力，其数量级达每平方英寸几千吨。(介词短语of the order．．．inch是独立定语，修饰pressures。)
8．One suggestion has been the use of mixtures of two different types of insecticide，with the idea that one of them should eliminate the individuals resistant to the other．
有一种设想是使用两种不同类型的混合杀虫剂，其想法是如果害虫对其中之一有抗药性，那么另一种就能杀死它。(介词短语with the idea一．the other作two types of insecticide的定语，对它作补充说明。that引导的从句作idea的同位语。resistand to the other是形容词短语作individuals定语。)
9．The side of Mercury which is turned away from the sun remains in eternal darkness，with a temperature only a few degrees above absolute zero．
水星背向太阳的那一面，却永远处于黑暗之中，那里的温度仅比绝对零度高几度。(with a temperature above对the side of Mercury补充说明。)
10．No distinction can be drawn between pure and applied science in terms of differences in the training or competence of workers， or in organization， or in method，or even in the immediate outcome of the work．
不能根据工作人员的训练程度和资格、组织机构、研究方法甚至研究工作的直接成果等方面的差别来划分理论科学与应用科学的界线。(between．一science作定语，修饰distinction。in terms of．．．作状语，说明can be drawn。)
11．An object with at least one easily measurable property which changes apprecially while the obiect is coming to thermal equilibrium may be used as a temperature-measuring device，or thermometer．
12．If we could go on an imaginary journey from the surface to the centre of a star such as the Sun，we would find a steady increase in temperature and pressure．
13．The fact that a compass needle assulnes a northsouth direction leads to the conclusion that the earth must be a magnet， with the space all around it constituting a huge magnetic field．
14．The second aspect is the application by all members of society，from the government officials to the ordinary citizen，of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work。
15．Chemistry has two main aspects：descriptive chemistry，the discovery and tabulation of chemical facts；and theoretical chemistry，the formulation of theories that，upon verification，unify these facts and combine them into a system。
16．Every body in the universe attracts every other body with a force directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two bodies and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them．
宇宙中每一物体都以一引力吸引另外的每一物体，该引力与两物体质量的乘积成正比，而与两物体之间的距离平方成反比。(with a force．．．是状语，说明attracts。directly proponional to．．，“与……成正比”；inversely proportional to．．，“与……成反比”。这两个形容词短语用来说明force。)
17．For an ltalian contemplating anything from paying his taxes to getting a peddler''s license or collecting an old age pension，the nation''s million-man bureaucracy is a nightmare。
对意大利人来说，无论打算做什么事，从纳税到申请零售商执照或领取老年人的退休金， 全国上百万个官僚主义者真令人不寒而栗。(For．．。pension介词短语是nightmare“恶梦”要 求的。例：It was a nightmare for me。from...to...pension作定语修饰anything。)
18．Scientists in the U．S. , Western Europe and Japan are pushing hard toward astill much-in-the-future optical computer that uses photons rather than electrons for number-crunching efficiency．
19．With the invention of the electromagnetic generator in the latter part of the nineteenth century，it became possible to convent the energy of burning fuel to electricity which could then be transmitted to distant points for Use．
20．If a piece of rock，of anything else，one inch in diameter were magnified to the size of the earth，its constituent atoms would become about the size of tennis balls．
21．Inability to build high-voltage generators and motors gives to the transformer immediate recognition as a highly flexible link between the generation and distribution of electrical energy．
22．The mildness of its climate，with slight temperature variations and infrequent rainfall，combined with a high average level of sunshine and brilliant shies，a11 make it idea for tourism whether by winter or by summer．
宜人的气候、变化不大的温度、稀少的雨量、灿烂的阳光以及明媚的天空，所有这一切使 突尼斯成为冬夏理想的旅游胜地。(with．．．和combined with把三个主语连接起来。all是总括词，总括上述的三个主语。idea是it宾语补足语。it代替上文中Tunisia突尼斯。bywinter．．．这里by作“当……时候”解。例：They don't work by day but by night．他们日间不工作，夜间工作。whether．．or，“不论是……还是”，用作连词，连接两个并列成分。)
23．We explain the differences between gases and liquids bysaying that the molecules in a liquid are not moving about so fredy as the molecules in a gas and are very much closer together．
24．For about the last 200 years，the structural theory has been devdoped by scientists，mathematicians and engineers，with the very practical object of providing a reliable basis for the design of structures by calculation．
25．By the quiet persistence of the truth-seekers， working upstream against the flow of ancient prejudice，mankind has entered into new realm of health，and the borderlines of death have been pressed farther back．
26．When a man picks up a weight from the floor and raises it above his head， he has in effect inserted his body between the weight and the earth and pushed the weight one way with his hands，and thee arth the other way with his feet．
当一个人从地板上拿起重物并把它举到头顶上时，实际上他是把自己的身体置于重物与地 面之间，他用双手朝着一个方向推着重物，而用双脚朝着另一方向推着地面。(pick up，“拿起”。in effect，“实际上”。one way，“朝着一个方向”。the other way，"朝着另一方向”。这两个短语前均省略介词in，作状语。and与the earth之间省略了谓语pushed。)
27．But this is not possible because of the size of the country，with the distance from Dehli to Madras，for example，being greater than that from London to Rome．
但这是不可能的，因为印度面积大，譬如，从德里到马德拉斯的距离，就比伦敦到罗马还 要远。(with，名词+分词的结构，可用作状语和定语。句中with the distance．．。being用作定 语，对size进行补充说明。that from．．．that代替distance。)
28．Even at this moment many Of the earth's natural treasures are being destroyed，manyvaluable animals and plants are been killed off，it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough foods to preserve much of the earth's population from stavation．
29．If the Earth，Moon and Sun move into a direct line，with the Moon in the middle，the dark body of the Moon blots out the briliant disk of the Sun，and we witness a solar eslipse．
假如地球、月球和太阳运行到一条直线上，月球在中间，那么月球的暗体就遮住了太阳的亮盘，于是我们便看到日食。(with the Moon in the middle是with引出的介词复合结构，在句中起补充说明作用。)
30．As natural science treats of the mutual transformation，changes and development of various kinds of matter，it is of great tmportance for us to make a profound study of it so that we may control the phenomena of nature．
31．With irrigation came surplus food，which meant that large numbers of people were freed trom the land to pursue nonagrarian specialities—technological development，scholarship for its sake——and war。
With the approach of sunset it became chilly，come surplus food是倒装语序，food是主语，came是谓语。which引导特种定语从句，指上句话。不定式to pursue．．。war有结果状语的意味。)
32．First of all， Kepler found that each planet goes around the sun in a curve called an ellipse，with the sun at a focus of the ellipse· -
开普勒首先发现了每个行星都以椭圆曲线绕太阳运行，太阳则位于椭圆的焦点。(with the sun at，．．为介词复合结构作状语，补充说明。)
33．It should be noted that a rocket does not depend on the atmosphere for its propulsion，but would actually perform better in the absence of an atmosphere becauseOf lessened air resistance．
应该注意，火箭的推力与大气无关，在没有大气的情况下，由于空气阻力减小，火箭实际上会运行得更好。(in the absence of anatmosphere含有虚拟条件的意味。)
34．Electrical power is always carried over long distances as a high-tension current at low-currentstrength．It is also sent as an alternating current，for such current is comparatively easily transformed eitherup ordown in voltage．
35．When one considers the immense change in the size and reliability of computers and all other electronic devices that has taken place，it is clean that computers for doing this type of control of movement according to sense impression will certainly be available．
当我们考虑到计算机和其他所有电子器件在尺寸和可靠性方面所发生的极大变化时，就不难明白，根据感觉进行这类活动控制的计算机一定会出现。(for．．．movement是computers的定语，介词短语according to sense impression作状语，说明动名词doing。)
36。In l664 the great English diarist，John Evelyn，published，with the approval of the Royal Society of London，a book Sylva or a Discourse of Forest Trees in which one sees，perhaps for the first time，a realization that trees，then so important in the construction of ships，were indeed becoming sadly depleted and that something urgently needed to be done by way of deliberate planting to ensure enough for the future.
1664．年，英国伟大的日记作家J·Evelyn，经伦敦皇家学会批准出版了一部森林志，即《林木论》。在这本著作中，人们可以说是第一次了解到一个现实：当时，在造船业中如此重要的树木的确正在悲惨地遭到浩劫；必须采取紧急措施，通过认真植树以便确保未来有足够的树木。(with．．．London介词短语作条件状语修饰published，其宾语是a book。在which定语从句中，one泛指人们。a realization是谓语sees的宾语。so important in...ship是非限定性定语，用来修饰trees。句中两个that均引导同位语从句用来揭示realization的概念内涵。)
37．As a magnetic material becomes more and more magnetized，more and more of its magnetic domains line up，with their north poles a11 pointing inone direction and their south poles in the opposite direction．
38．Since the earth is slightly flattened at its poles，the distance of its surface at the north pole or south pole from its center is less than that at the equator．
39．Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy，particularly since those areas most in need of water lie rather close to the equator and have a relatively clear atmosphere．
太阳能似乎比任何其他能源更有希望，尤其是因为这些迫切需要水的地区离赤道很近，那里有较清洁的大气。(lie和have是两个谓语，主语是those areas。most in need of water为介词短语作定语修饰areas。)
40．For a very long time man has been seeking the possibility of combining various metals into alloys with a view to obtaining better materials for given purposes．
41．It means reorganising them on democratic lines，with governing boards made up of workers and technicians from the trade unions concerned，loyal to the concept of nationalisation as a force for social changes and operating their industry according to anational plan arrived at democratically by the community as a whole．
这意味着：要以民主的方式，由有关工会的工人和技术员所组成的管理董事会来改组各项工业。这些工人和技术员作为社会改革的一支力量要忠实于国有化这一观念，同时他们必须按照由作为整体的社会用民主方法制定的全国性计划来管理各工业。(on．．．1ines，“按照……方针，办法”，作状语。with．．．concerned介词短语作状语，用来修饰动名词reorganising。Made up of．．．过去分词短语作定语修饰boards。loyal．．．changes为形容词短语修饰workers and technicians。as force for social changes是“工人和技术员”的同位语，operating．．．as a whole为现
在分词短语作定语，也是用来修饰workers and technidans。它是与形容词短语loyal。。．是并列关系。arrive at作出(决定)，得出(结论)等。句中arrived at．．．whole是过去分词短语作定语修饰plan。)
42．Thirty-five seconds into the flight，with the solid rockets pumping out maximum power，Challenger—like all its predecessors—was undergoing severe aerodynamic stress．
“挑战者”号在其固体燃料助推火箭发出最大推力的推动下，飞行了35秒后，同以前的航天飞机一样，正在承受着巨大的空气动力的压力。(with the solid．．．复合结构用作状语，有条件意味。)
43．A gas，such as steam (water vapor) in the cylinder of asteam engine，has neither deftnite shape nor definite volume-it changes its sshape and also its svolume with change in the shape and volume of the container．
44．Their wide use in industry is due not only to these properties but to the fact that the common metals can be shaped into required objects by deformation and by casting into mold，and to the fact that their properties can be greatly altered by alloying with other metals．
金属在工业中之所以得到广泛的应用，不仅是由于它们具有上述这些性能，而且还由于普通的金属可以通过加工和铸造而形成所需要的制品，同时还由于金属的特性可通过与其他金属熔成合金而显著地改变。(due to，“由于”。to these properties，to the fact，and to the fact都是due所要求的。句中两个that均引出同位语从句。)
45．Newton generalized the idea by supposing that any two particles in the universe gravitate towards each other with a force varying inversely as the square of the distance between them and directly as the product of their masses．
宇宙中任意两个质点均以某种力在相互吸引，该力与两质点之间距离的平方成反比，而与它们质量的乘积成正比，牛顿就是通过这一假设概括了这种思想。(with a force varying．．．为介词复合结构，用作状语，说明gravitate。vary directly as...，“与……成正比”。vary inverse1yas，“与……成反比”。)
46． If an engineer applies aformula or a tabulation or a curve blindly， without knowing its history，its accuracy and the limits of its sapplicability，the results that he obtains will be neither intelligent nor practical．
47．The neutron carries no electrical charge and in some respects acts as though it were composed of a proton and electron combined，with the positive charge of the proton neutralized by the negative charge of the electron．
中子不带电荷，并且有点像是由质子和电子结合而成的，质子的正电荷被电子的负电荷中和了。(in somerespects，“在某些方面”，“有点”。act as though，“表现得似乎”。as though引导方式方法状语从句，其谓语常用虚拟语气。句末with引出介词复合结构，对前句的谓语作补充说明。)
48．We know that the rate of cooling from above the critical range will greatly change the structure and therefore the properties of any steel．
49．Increasing problems of all kinds with fossil fuel power plants are turning power and utility companiesmoreandmore tOtheuseOfnuclearpoweredelectricgeneratingplants．
50．Ever since，people have had difficulty in deciding whether the hovercraft should be ranged among ships,planes，or land vehicles—for it is something in between a boat and anaircraft．
51．The electric resistance of a wire is the ratio of the potential difference between it stwo ends to the current in thewire．
导线的电阻等于该导线两端之间的电位差与导线中电流的比值。(tothecurrent．．。是ratio要求的。the ratio of A to B，“A与B之比”。)
52．Pollution is caused either by man's release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment，or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance，such as oil from oil tankers into the sea．
54．Motion in the most general sense，conceived as the mode of existance，the inherent attribute，of matter，comprehends a11 changes and processes occurring in the universe，from mere change of place right up to thinking．
从最普遍的意义上来看，可以认为运动是物质存在的形式，是物质的固有属性，运动包括宇宙中所发生的一切变化和过程，从单纯位置的变化直到思维。(主语是motion，谓语是comprehends，被一个介词短语inthemostgeneralsense和一个分词短语conceived as...隔开了。of matter既说明existance，也说明attribute。介词短语from．．．用来说明a11 changes and processes。)
55．The air is heated by the flame，expands，and thus becomes less dense． Denser air flows in from below and the result is that irregular layers of air of different densities are formed above the flame．
56．Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with the principal ones being the unequal heating of the earth's surface by the sun and the rather rapid rota tion of the planet on its axis．
57．It is the village which suffers most，for it is not easy to break the traditional bonds uniting agriculturist families to families of craftsmen，nor to dispel the idea that some one who follows the traditional calling of this caste is acting in a more“suitable" way than some one who takes up a different occupation．
乡村受害最大，因为从事农业家庭与从事手工业家庭的传统结合是很难分割的。此外，一些人认为一个人遵照等级制度的传统职业来办事要比从事不同的职业更为"合适”，这种想法也很难去掉。 (his．．．which为强调句型，强调主语the village．原句是简单句，The village suffers most．for是连词，“因为”。uniting．．．to，“把……与……连接”，是分词短语作定语修饰bonds。nor连词，连接两个并列成分，把to break．．．和to dispel．．．两个不定式短语连接起 来。that．．．occupation为同位语从句，用来揭示idea的概念内涵。calling意为“职业”，与occupation相呼应。ina．．．way，“以……方式”。)
58．Forging and press-production methods of shaping metal are of tremendous importance in machine-building in general，and in automobile and tractor industry in particular．
59．In fact, in the nineteeth century people used to make gardens in the shape of aclock face，with different flowers opening at different times．
在19世纪，人们常常把花园做成钟盘形，不同的花在不同的时间开放。 (with引导的复合结构有定语的意味，用来对the shape of a clock进行修饰。)
60．The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th century；however，the development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th centuries．
61．All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their muclei， and the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so contained．
同一种元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的质子数都是相同的，而一种元素的原子与其他一切元素的原子的不同点，就在于它们含有的质子数不同。(AdiffersfromBinC．A与B在C方面是不同的。句中in the number．．．是differ要求的。)
62．The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general accep tance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of the moon，the fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to sink below the surface of the water，and，most convincing，the fact that it is possible to sail all around the world and return to the starting point of the voyage．
63．The technological breakthrough and the lndustrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to below 1.5 per cent．
64．There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great convenience，electricity．
65．A balance consists of an arlTl balanced at its middle， with known weights hung on one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other．
天平由一个在中央平衡的臂组成，已知重量的砝码挂在平衡臂的一端，而把要称出重量的物体挂在平衡臂的另一端。 (分词短语balanced at its middle用来修饰arm。with...weights hung…是介词复合结构，用来对balance作补充说明，过去分词known作定语，修饰weights。hung是hang的过去分词。)
66.You should also learn as much about chemistry as possible from your own experience in the laboramry and from your observations of chemical substances and chemical reactions in everyday life．
67．You will notice that specific gravity is always the ratio of two weights，and so it is a pure number，such as 3 or 5．25，with out any unit associated with it．
你们将注意到，比重总是两个重量之比，因而它是一个纯数，譬如3或5．25，无需给它。
定义任何单位。(without．．it是分词复合结构，有结果的意味。)
68．With the increased productionmade possible by the assembly line，automobiles became much cheaper，and more and more people were able to offord them．
69．Today physicists find that light has the characteristics of both waves and particles with one aspect sometimes predominating and sometimes the other．
73．Water vapor may vary from almost nothing to as much as 4％ and is not usually included with the other constituents which，in terms of global averages，do not vary significantly．
74．This atom，with 92 electrons spinning about the closely packed and complex nucleus，is the element uranium，which seems to be the most complicated of the natural atoms．
75.You will remember that the materials which combine to make a mixture do not completely lose their individual qualities．They do not do so because their molecules are not broken up and built into new molecules with new qualities．
你们要记住，组成混合物的各种物质完全没有失去它们各自的性质。它们之所以这样，是因为它们的分子并没有分解，没有形成具有新性质的新分子。(不定式短语to make a mixture是谓语combine的结果状语。)
76．The moon's pull causes water in the oceans to be a little deeper at the point closest to the moon and also at a point farthest from themoon，on the oppositeside of the earth．
月球的引力会引起近月点处和地球另一端的远月点处海洋的海水略深一些。(cause sth．To do sb，“引起……作……”。to be alittle deeper．．．作water宾语补足语。)
77． It is also a familiar fact that a force is required to slow down or stop a body which is already in motion，and that a sidewise force must be exerted on a moving body to deviate it from a straight line．
78．Though only l07 elements have been discovered，they combine in enough different ways to make the millions and millions of different things in the world．
79．Since we have already associated flow of charge or current with the existence of potential difference，it becomes of interest and importance to establish a quantitative relation between these two quantities．
80．Apart from the enormous outflow of funds from the oil-consuming countries，a more basic concern is the capability of the major exporters of crude oil to achieve a continuing production target roughly doubling output every tenyears to meet the required oil demand if present trend continues．
84．It is clear that insulating materials should have such a high specific resistance as to be，to all intents and purposes，nonconductors of electricity．
显然，绝缘材料具有很高的电阻率，因而实际上是不导电的。 (that引出主语从句，it是形式主语。such．．．as to be non-conductor．．．表示结果。to all intents and purposes，“实际上”，“事实上”。)
85．The most probable explanation of radioactive disintegration is to be found in terms of the modern ideas concerning the structure of matter．
必须根据物质结构的现代观点才能更好地阐明放射性裂变现象。(is to be found是复合谓语结构，有“应该”，“必须”的含义。in terms of，“根据”。concerning．．．是介词短语，修饰ideas。)
86．In solids the molecules are relatively close to each other and the forces of attraction are great enough to hold the molecules in a regular pattern and thus maintain a definite volume and shape.
89。To appreciate the capabilities and limitations of radar，and so to be able to use it to full ad—vantage，it is necessary to understand the character and behaviour of radio waves and to appreciate the principles of their generation and reception，including the presentation of echo to the observer为了正确了解雷达的能力和局限性以便能充分地利用它，就有必要了解无线电波的特性和作用，而且要了解它的产生和接收的一些原理，包括对观察者所产生的回波。 (Toappreci-ate．．．radar和so to be able．．．advantage都是目的状语。to understand．．．waves和to appreciate．．．observer都是主语，it为形式主语，代替这两个不定式短语。现在分词短语including为伴随状语，用来对上句谓语表示的行为进行补充说明。to full advantage，“充分地”。)
90． Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out un-nessary buying，excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives．
这些污染物和废物结合在一起就会造成一大问题。每个人可以帮助解决这一问题：不去购买不必要的东西、削减过量的消费、不要粗枝大叶地处置日常生活中所使用的物品。(这是一个主从复合句。主句Pollution．．．problem。everyone．...daily lives是省略that的定语从句，修饰 problem，that在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。句中Pollution和waste是主语，谓语是combine，不定式短语to be aproblem为结果状语。we．．．use。．．1ives也是省略that的定语从句，修饰products。)
91．Chemicals are made from the elements which have been put together in different forms to make wood or glass or rugs or water，or even the bones，blood，and muscles of ourbodies．
化合物是由那些不同形式组合在一起而构成了木头、玻璃、毯子、水或者甚至我们身体的骨骼、血液和肌肉的元素组成的。(不定式短语to make．．．是结果状语，说明谓语have been put。)
92．We notice that every day the sun appears to travel across the sky from east to west，but many people have not noticed that the stars also move across the sky in the same direction．
93．The invention of the thermometer，the barometer，and the hydromter in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries extended man’s capability to observe，and sharpened his desire to interpret and to understand．
在16世纪和17世纪发明了温度计、气压计和比重计，这就扩大了人的观察能力，并加强了人们解释和认知(自然界)的愿望。 (to observe修饰capability。to interpret and to understand修饰desire。)
94．Intelligent beings which are just beginning to develop on remote worlds may be ready to pick up our signals in thousands of years’time，or when life on earth has become extinct．
95．When the effect of inductance is such as to cause an induced voltage in the salne circuit in which the changing current is flowing，the term self-induction is applied to the phenomenon．
96．It was not until the 19th century，when magnetism was shown to be the product of electricity，that serious research into the nature of permanent magnetism began．
直到19世纪证明了磁是电产生的那个时候，人们才开始对永久磁性的本质作认真的研究。(to be the product．．．为主语补足语，说明magnetism。)
97．A rocket is independent of air because it contains an explosive mixture which consists both of a fuel to beburned and a supply of oxygen．
火箭飞行依赖空气，因为它本身装有爆炸混合物，这种混合物是由待燃烧的燃料和氧气组成的。(to be burned在句中作定语修饰fuel，有“将来”的含义。)
98．The first law of motion explains what is to be understood by force: it iS that which tends to change the state of rest of aboby，or of uniform motion in astraight line．
99．In almost every cause the electric current that an ammeter measures must actually pass through theinstrument，so thismetermust beconnected inserieswith the circuit inwhich it is to measure the current．