(2) 可参阅 Paul Chilton:Security Metaphors:cold war discourse from containment to common house (New York:P.Lang,1996);Ray T.Donahue and Michael H.Prosser:Diplomatic Discourse:international conflict at the United Nations addresses and analysis (Conn:Anlex Pub Corp.,1997);Henrik Larsen:Foreign Policy and Discourse Analysis (London:Routledge.1997); Jutta Weldes,Mark Laffey,Hugh Gusterson,and Raymond Duvall (eds.):Cultures of Insecurity:States,Communities,and the Production of Danger (Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,1999); Francois Debrix:Language,Agency,and Politics in Constructed World (New York:M.E.Sharpe,2003);Costas M.Constantinou:States of Political Discourse:Words,regimes,seditions (London:Routledge,2004); Lene Hansen:Security as Practice:discourse analysis and the Bosnian War (London:Routledge,2006); Michael C.Williams:Culture and Security:Symbolic power and the politics of international security (London:Routledge,2007).
(4) 关于结构主义有关含义的语言观,可以打个比喻来理解:语言的结构犹如一付渔网,每个符号的位置类似于渔网中的每个网结.当渔网被张开时,每个网结的位置是固定的,它不仅与其他的网结保持一定的距离,而且,每个网结的含义因它处于与其他网结的不同位置而得到确定.结构主义有关含义问题的语言观依赖于这样一种假设:在语言结构中,各个符号之间以特定的关系处于相对稳定的位置,因此,它们的含义一旦产生也就相对固定.20世纪瑞士语言学家费尔迪南·德·索绪尔(Ferdinand de Saussure)持这种语言观.有关索绪尔的结构主义语言学理论,可参阅由后人整理出版的他的著作:费尔迪南·索绪尔:《普通语言学》(高名凯译,芩麒祥和叶蜚声校),(北京,商务印书馆,1996年版).
(5) Jacques Derrida:Of Grammatology (trans.G.Spivak) (Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1976),p.50; Jacques Derrida:Position (Minuitington:Indiana University Press,1972),pp.56-57.亦参阅Jim Powell:Derrida (London:Writersand Readers,Ltd.,1997).
(9) 再譬如,冷战时期在古巴所发生的导弹危机,不同的国家对此事件的叙述不同,美国使用"古巴导弹危机"说法,苏联使用"加勒比海危机",古巴政府则使用"10月危机"的说法.这些不同的表述说明,这场危机"被不同的叙述所建构着".见Jutta Weldes:"The Cultural Production of Crises:U.S.Identity and Missiles in Cuba",in Jutta Weldes,Mark Laffey,Hugh Gusterson,and Raymond Duvall (eds.):Cultures of Insecurity:States,Communities,and the Production of Danger (Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,1999),pp.38-39.
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