*本文得到朱明权教授主持的教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2005年度重大研究项目“ 国际安全和美国”( 项目编号: 05JJD G JW 037) 的资助, 在此致谢。作者: 特仑苏 时间: 2007-8-5 23:01
(1) 当然, 也有人持不同的观点。如乔姆斯基就认为, 将“9·11”事件与珍珠港事件进行类比, 是误导性的, 夏威夷事实上是个殖民地。N oam Chom sky,9-11 (N ew Y ork:Seven Stories Press,2002),pp.11-12.
(2) 在政治学领域内, 伊多·奥伦对有关“ 敌人”的建构进行过研究, 参见[美]伊多·奥伦:《美国和美国的敌人: 美国的对手与美国政治学的形成》, 唐小松、王义桅译, 上海人民出版社, 2004年; 在国际关系领域, 研究最多的是芬兰学者威尔豪·哈尔( V ilho H arle) , 他曾利用《欧洲思想史》主编过两期讨论“ 敌人”的专辑(1991和1994年),其中1994 年的专辑后来成为他的论文集, 参见V ilho H arle, The Enem y with a Thousand Faces (Praeger: W estport, 2000); 其他的研究更多地集中于社会学、心理学、社会心理学领域, 而且大多与对“ 他者”(the other)的研究相关, 例如可参见Jam es A ho, This Thing of D arkness (Seattle: U niversity of W ashington Press, 1994); V am ik D . V olkan, The N eed to H ave Enem ies and A llies: From Clinical Practice to International R elationships (N ew Y ork: Jason A ronson, 1988); R obert W . R ieber ed., The Psychology of W ar and Peace: The Im age of the Enem y (N ew Y ork: Plenum Press, 1991), 等等。
(3) 这里所说的“ 最近的战争”是指第二次世界大战。J.G lenn G ray,The W arriors (N ew Y ork:H arper Colophon,1959), p.134.
(6) 参见The N ationalSecurity Strategy ofthe U nited States ofA m erica,M arch 2006,p.3。
(7) G eorge W . Bush,“R em arks by the President A fter Two Planes Crash Into W orld Trade Center,” O ffice of the Press Secretary, Septem ber 11,2001,http://www .whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010911.htm l. 布什原话为:“I have ordered thatthe fullresources ofthe federalgovernm entgo to help the victim s and their fam ilies,and to conduct a full-scale investigation to huntdown and to find those folks who com m itted this act.”(着重符号为作者所加)。
(8) G eorge W . Bush,“R em arks by the President In Photo O pportunity with the N ational Security Team ,” O ffice of the Press Secretary, Septem ber11,2001, http://www .whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010912-4.htm l.有关敌人的人称代词 的变化的句子是, “This is an enem y who preys on innocent and unsuspecting people. This is an enem y that tries to hide.Butitwon’tbe able to hide forever.”(着重符号为作者所加)。
(9) 参见The N ationalSecurity Strategy ofthe U nited States ofA m erica,M arch 2006,pp.ii-ix。
(10) G eorge W .Bush,“PresidentH olds Prim e Tim e N ews Conference,” O ffice of the Press Secretary, O ctober 11, 2001, http: //www .whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011011-7.htm l.在这次演说中, 布什一共使用“ 邪恶”一词10次, 指的是“9.11”恐怖主义袭击、基地组织、萨达姆以及本·拉登。
(11) G eorge W .Bush,“President Bush O utlines Iraqi Threat,”O ffice of the Press Secretary, O ctober 7,2002, http://www .whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021007-8.htm l.事实上, 这一论述最早出现是在5天之前, 即2002年10月2日, 布什在宣布与众议院领袖达成有关伊拉克问题的共识后说,“ 我们必须与恐怖主义元素和恐怖国家作斗争, 因为它们是同一邪恶的不同面孔。”G eorge W . Bush,“President, H ouse Leadership A gree on Iraq R esolution,” O ffice of the Press Secretary,O ctober 2,2002,http://www .whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021002-7.htm l.
(12) 参见The N ationalSecurity Strategy ofthe U nited States ofA m erica,M arch 2006,p.20。
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