[1] 学界对现实主义发展阶段的划分并不完全一致,有的没有包括古典阶段,而是将摩根索等人的理论称为经典或古典、传统现实主义,我们则取广义上的划分。冷战后现实主义诸流派的介绍可参见于铁军:《进攻性现实主义、防御性现实主义和新古典现实主义》,载《世界经济与政治》,2000年第5期,第29~34页;Glenn H. Snyder, “Mearshemier’s World――Offensive Realism and the Struggle for Security,” International Security, Vol.27, No.1, Summer 2002, p.149;Gerald Geunwook Lee, “To Be Long or Not To Be Long――That is The Question: The Contradiction of Time-Horizon in Offensive Realism,” Security Studies 12, No.2, Winter 2002/2003,p.196。
[2] 基欧汉、吉尔平、尼科尔松、格里科等人都曾论述过现实主义的核心前提,参见Robert O. Keohane, International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory, Boulder: Westview Press, Inc., 1989,pp.38-39;[美]罗伯特?基欧汉编,郭树勇译:《新现实主义及其批判》,北京:北京大学出版社,2002年版,第277~278页;[英]提莫???邓恩、密切尔???考克斯、肯???布斯主编,周丕启译:《八十年危机:1919~1989年的国际关系》,北京:新华出版社,2003年版,第105~106页;[美]大卫?A.鲍德温主编,肖欢容译:《新现实主义和新自由主义》,杭州:浙江人民出版社,2001年版,第117~118页。
[3] 传统现实主义对无政府状态的看法见Kenneth N. Waltz, “Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory,” in Charles W. Kegley, ed., Controversies in International Relations Theory: Realism and the Neoliberal Challenge, New York: Jr. St. Martin’s Press, Inc, 1995,pp.78-79;[美]肯尼思·华尔兹著,信强译:《国际政治理论》,上海:上海人民出版社,2003年版,第82~83页;[美]汉斯?摩根索著,徐昕等译:《国家间政治——寻求权力与和平的斗争》,北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,1990年版,第64页;[美]约翰?米尔斯海默著,王义桅、唐小松译:《大国政治的悲剧》,上海:上海人民出版社,2003年版,第18页。
[4] 参见Kenneth N. Waltz,“Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory,”p.79;约翰·米尔斯海默:《大国政治的悲剧》,第18页。
[6] Gerald Geunwook Lee, “To Be Long or Not To Be Long,” p.200.
[7]约翰·米尔斯海默:《大国政治的悲剧》,第19页、第37页注46。
[8]于铁军:《进攻性现实主义、防御性现实主义和新古典现实主义》,第32~33页。
[9] John H. Herz, The Nation-State and The Crisis of World Politics: Essays on International Politics in the Twentieth Century, New York: DavidMcKay Company, Inc., 1976, pp.72-73.
[10]约翰·米尔斯海默:《大国政治的悲剧》,第49页。
[11]肯尼思·华尔兹:《国际政治理论》,第251页。
[12] Robert Jervis,“Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma,” in Phil Williams, ed., Classic Readings of International Relations, Beijing: Peking University Press, 2003, pp.239-245.
[13] Scott Burchill, “Liberalism,” in Scott Burchill, et al., Theories of International Relations (2nd ed.), New York: Palgrave Company, 2001, p.32.
[28] Gerald Geunwook Lee, “To Be Long or Not To Be Long,” p.197.
[29] 法利德·扎卡利亚:《从财富到权力》,第10、30~31页。
[30] 约翰·米尔斯海默:《大国政治的悲剧》,第20页。
[31] Steven E. Lobell, “War is Politics: Offensive Realism, Domestic Politics, and Security Strategies,” Security Studies 12, no.2 (winter 2002/2003),pp.169-181.
[32] David M. Edelstein,“Managing Uncertainty,”p.1.
[39] Kenneth N. Waltz,“Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory,” p.71.
[40]肯尼思·华尔兹:《国际政治理论》,第80~105页。
[41] Yosef Lapid, “The Third Debate: On the Prospects of International Theory in a Post-Positivist Era,” in John A. Vasquez, ed., Classics of International Relations, New Jersey: Prentice-hall Inc., 1996, pp.91-101.
[43] Robert O. Keohane, International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory, p.36.
[44]罗伯特·基欧汉:《新现实主义及其批判》,第194、227、266~268页。
[45] Andrew Linklater, “Neo-realism in Theory and Practice,” in Ken Booth and Steve Smith, eds., International Relations Theory Today, Cambridge UK: Policy Press, 1995, pp.251-252.
[46]亚历山大·温特:《国际政治的社会理论》,译者前言,第30页。
[47] Charles W. Kegley, Jr,“The Neoliberal Challenge to Realist Theories of World Politics: An Introduction,” in Charles W. Kegley, ed., Controversies in International Relations Theory, pp.5.-8.
[49] Michael Brecher and Frank P. Harvey,“The Essence of Millennial Reflections on International Studies,”in Michael Brecher and Frank P. Harvey, eds., Realism and Institutionalism in International Studies, Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press, 2002, p.2.
[50] Joseph M. Grieco, “Modern Realist Theory and the Study of International Politics in the Twenty-First Century”; John Vasquez, “Realism and the Study of Peace and War”; K. J. Holsti, “Performance and Perils of Realism in he Study of International Politics,” all in Michael Brecher and Frank P. Harvey, eds., Realism and Institutionalism in International Studies, pp.34-86. 瓦斯奎兹对现实主义范式的全面评估见John A. Vasquez, The Power of Power Politics, Cambridge CB2 2RU:UK Cambridge University Press, 1998, Introduction, pp.1-9。
[51] 参见Robert Keohane, “Institutional Theory in International Relations,” in Michael Brecher and Frank P. Harvey, eds., Realism and Institutionalism in International Studies, pp.154-155;亚历山大·温特:《国际政治的社会理论》,第13页及译者前言第25页。