新型保守派的思想渊源和政治哲学基础主要来自于强调个人自由和个人精神的古典自由主义思想。整个20世纪60年代时期,他们把自己看做是自由主义的自由批评者( liberal critics of liberalism) ,即他们既不同意自由派对自由主义所做的诠释,也不赞同自由派以自由主义名义制定和执行的自由主义政策。新型保守派对自由派以牺牲自由来寻求平等的做法最持异议,对自由派与苏联等共产党国家发展关系也竭力反对。为了实现新型保守派观念中的自由主义思想,新型保守派提出,美国的国内政策应以不牺牲个人自由为基点,然后在此基础上提供一定程度的社会福利;美国的外交政策应以美国价值观为出发点,并以此为基础,利用美国的经济、政治、文化和军事实力,向全世界推广美国式****思想。
1. Irving Kristol, “Confessions of a True, Self - Confessed - Perhap s, the Only - Neoconservative, ”Public Opinion, October/November 1979, p. 50.
2. Robert Muccigross, Basic History of American Conservatism, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company, 2001, p. 105.
3. Mark Gerson, The Neoconservative Vision: From the Cold War to the Culture War, Lanham, Maryland: Madison Books, 1996, p. 8.
4. Seymour Martin Lip set, “neo - conservatism: Myth and Reality, ” Society, July/August 1988, p. 29.
5. Nathan Glazer, “Neo - conservatism: Pro and Con, ”Partisan Review, Vol. 4, 1980, p. 498.
6. Paul Gottfried, The Conservative Movement, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1993, p. 78.
7. William O’Neill, Coming Apart, New York: Quadrangle Books, 1971.
8. Charles W. Dunn and J. David Woodard, Conservative Tradition in America, Maryland: Rowman &Littlefield Publisher, 2003, pp. 3 - 5.
9. Mark Gerson, The Neoconservative Vision: from the Cold War to the Culture War, pp. 83 - 84.
10. Paul Boyer, et al. , The Enduring Vision, Lexington, Massachusetts: D. C. Heath and Company, 1993, pp. 1001 - 1003.
11. Midge Decter, quoted in The Weekly, November 16, 1983, p. 12.
12. Linda J. Medcalf and Kenneth M. Dolbeare, Neopolitics: American Political Ideas in the 1980s, p. 130.
13. Linda J. Medcalf and Kenneth M. Dolbeare, Neopolitics: American Political Ideas in the 1980s, p. 131.
14. Robert Muccigrosso, Basic History of American Conservatism, p. 105.
15. Linder J. Medcalf and Kenneth M. Dolbeare, Neopolitics: American Political Ideas in the 1980s, p. 135.
16. Mark Gerson, The Neoconservative Vision, pp. 9 - 10.
17. Linda J. Medcalf and Kenneth M. Dolbeare, Neopolitics: American Political Ideas in the 1980s, p. 136.
18. Linda J. Medcalf and KennethM. Dolbeare, Neopolitics: American Political Ideas in the 1980s, p. 136.
19. Robert Mucccigrosso, Basic History of American Conservatism, p. 108.
20. Robert Mucccigrosso, Basic History of American Conservatism, p. 107.
21. Irving Kristol, Neoconservatism: The Autobiography of an Idea, p. 232.
22. Michael Novak, The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982, pp. 165 - 167.
23. Linda J. Medcalf and KennethM. Dolbeare, Neopolitics: American Political Ideas in the 1980’s, p. 136.
24. Irving Kristol, Two Cheers for Capitalism, New York: Basic Books, 1978, pp. 178 - 179
25. Nathan Glazer, Affirmative D iscrim ination: Ethnic Inequality and Public Policy, New York: Basic Books, 1976.
26. Edward Shapiro, “Conservatism and Its Discontents, ”The World and I, Sep tember 9, 1986, pp. 565 - 572.
27. Robert Muccigrosso, Basic History of American Conservatism, p. 107; Paul Gottfried, The Conservative Movement, pp. 85 - 86.
28. Irving Kristol, Reflections of a Neoconservative: Looking Back, Looking Ahead, New York: Basic Books, 1983, p. xii.
29. 引自Paul Gottfried, The Conservative Movement, pp. 85 - 87.
30. Patrick Buchanan, “The Anti - Conservatives, ”The American Conservatives, February 28, 2005; Http: / /mondediplo. com /2005 /06 /07uspensions.
31. Robert Muccigrosso, Basic History of American Conservatism, p. 107.
32. Paul Gottfried, The Conservative Movem ent, p. 87.
33. Michael Ledeen, “How to Support Democratic Revolution, ”Commentary, Vol. 76, March 1985, pp. 43 - 46; Carnes Lord, “In Defense of Public Diplomacy, ”Commentary, Vol. 77, April 1984, pp. 42 - 50.
34. 见王恩铭:《美国的新自由主义》,载《世界史研究动态》, 1991年第8期,第17~24页。
35. CharlesW. Dunn and J. DavidWoodard, The Conservative Tradition in Am erica, pp. 10 - 12.作者: 如风往事 时间: 2008-11-5 16:32
very good 作者: weiyan616613 时间: 2008-11-30 10:09
好!!!