标题: 外国国际关系名家权威介绍（根据大英百科全书2006） [打印本页] 作者: 杀猪的 时间: 2006-5-29 16:55 标题: 外国国际关系名家权威介绍（根据大英百科全书2006） <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Morgenthau, Hans Joachim<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">born February 17, 1904, <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">Coburg</city>, <country-region w:st="on">Germany</country-region></place><p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">died July 19, 1980, <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">New York</city>, <state w:st="on">New York</state>, <country-region w:st="on">U.S.</country-region></place><span style="mso-tab-count: 1">??? </span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">German-born American political scientist and historian noted as a leading analyst of the role of power in international politics.<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Educated first in <country-region w:st="on">Germany</country-region> at the Universities of Berlin, Frankfurt, and <city w:st="on">Munich</city>, Morgenthau did postgraduate work at <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">the Graduate Institute for International Studies in <city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Geneva</place></city></b>. He was admitted to the bar in 1927 and served as acting president of the <street w:st="on"><address w:st="on">Labour Law Court</address></street> in <place w:st="on">Frankfurt</place>. In 1932 he went to <city w:st="on">Geneva</city> to teach public law for a year, but because of Adolf Hitler's rise to power in <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Germany</place></country-region> in 1933, he stayed on until 1935. In 1935–36 he taught in <state w:st="on">Madrid</state>, and in 1937 he took up residence in the <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">United States</place></country-region>, where he became a naturalized citizen in 1943. He served on the faculties of Brooklyn (<state w:st="on">New York</state>) College (1937–39), the University of Missouri–Kansas City (1939–43), the <placetype w:st="on">University</placetype> of <placename w:st="on">Chicago</placename> (1943–71), the <placetype w:st="on">City</placetype> <placetype w:st="on">College</placetype> of the City University of New York (1968–74), and the <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">New</placename> <placetype w:st="on">School</placetype></place> for Social Research (1974–80).<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">In 1948 Morgenthau published <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Politics Among Nations</i></b>, a highly regarded study that presented what became commonly known as the classical realist approach to international politics. In this work, Morgenthau maintained that politics is governed by distinct immutable laws of nature and that states could deduce rational and objectively correct actions from an understanding of these laws. Central to Morgenthau's theory was the concept of power as the dominant goal in international politics and the definition of national interest in terms of power. His state-centred approach, which refused to identify the moral aspirations of a state with the objective moral laws that govern the universe, maintained that all state actions seek to keep, demonstrate, or increase power. He called for recognition of the nature and limits of power and for the use of traditional methods of diplomacy, including compromise.<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">A contributor to numerous scholarly periodicals and journals of opinion, Morgenthau was also the author of Scientific Man vs. Power Politics (1946), In Defense of the National Interest (1951), Dilemmas of Politics (1958), The Purpose of American Politics (1960), Politics in the Twentieth Century (1962), and Truth and Power (1970).<p></p></font></span></p>